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ABSTRACT. Family welfare is influenced by socio-economic factors

<p>Coastal and small islands are faced with various significant challenges. The trend shows that the region suffered largely from habitat destruction, changes on natural processes of ecosystems and<br />pollution. Coastal and small islands regions became increasingly complex as conflicts of interest occur, both within the community and at the government level. Thus, activities to be placed within this region should consider the compatibility between needs and the region’s ability in providing resources. This study aims to develop a management strategy for unpopulated islands in utilization of natural resources. The research was conducted through descriptive evaluative method, using spatial analysis to obtain suitability between the waters and the carrying capacity of the area using<br />ArcGIS 10.3. On the other hand, management strategies were formulated using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model. The ecological potentials of Nusa Manu and Nusa Leun Islands covers diving, snorkeling tours, mangrove tracking and beach tourism, grouper fish aquaculture within floating net<br />cages and fishing grounds. The potentials are suitable and can be utilized for various activities with priority on conservation-based marine ecotourism. This management strategy sides with the people, opens employment opportunities and able to encourage economic growth while maintaining the sustainability aspects of natural resources.</p>

ABSTRAK Mangrove merupakan sumber daya alam yang berperan penting dalam memelihara keseimbangan antara ekosistem darat dan perairan. Oleh karena itu, ekosistem ini juga sebagai pendukung kehidupan yang perlu dijaga kelestariannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Teluk Blanakan yang tujuannya adalah: 1) Mengetahui luasan tutupan mangrove melalui analisis citra; dan 2) Melakukan analisis ekonomi terhadap jasa ekosistem. Luas penutupan mangrove diperoleh melalui analisis citra satelit dan nilai jasa ekosistem diperoleh melalui metode valuasi ekonomi. Valuasi ekonomi jasa ekosistem mangrove merupakan peubah penting dalam pengelolaan pesisir. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada kurun waktu 20052012 mangrove mengalami penurunan tutupan luasan 5/tahun dan nilai jasa ekosistem mangrove di Teluk Blanakan adalah sebesar Rp3.815.790.110,97/tahun. Kata kunci: jasa ekosistem, luasan tutupan, mangrove, Teluk Blanakan, valuasi ekonomi ABSTACT Mangrove is one of the natural resource that has an important role in maintaining the balance between landbased and aquatic ecosystems. Therefore the ecosystems are placed as one of the life-supporting ecosystems which is needed to be preserved. This study was held in Blanakan Bay with objectives were: 1) To describe the covered area of mangrove ecosystem; and 2) To calculate the value of mangrove ecosystem services. Mangrove covered area was obtained through satellite image analysis while ecosystem services was anlyzed by economic valuation method. Economic valuation for mangrove ecosystem services is an important variable in coastal management. The result showed that mangrove covered area was decreasing by 5 per year during the period of 20052012 while the value of the ecosystem services in the study area was Rp3.815.790.110,97/year.

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Distribusi spasio-temporal populasi rajungan betina yang mengerami telur (BEF) telah dikaji di perairan pesisir Lampung Timur. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga stratifikasi kedalaman perairan: <5 m (strata S1), antara 5-10 m (strata S2), dan >10 m (strata S3) serta empat sub-area (A1-A4) di setiap stratum dari bulan Maret 2012-Februari 2013. Kelimpahan populasi rajungan BEF diindikasikan dengan proporsi rajungan BEF/betina tidak mengerami telur (NBF) dan BEF/total individu. Perbedaan proporsi dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proporsi rajungan BEF bervariasi secara spasial, ditemukan mulai dari strata S1 dan meningkat ke strata S3. Daerah pemijahan dan pembiakan yang dominan terdapat pada kedalaman air >5 m dan di sub-area A2 dan A3. Secara agregat, BEF ditemukan sepanjang tahun dengan dua puncak kelimpahan (Mei dan September-Oktober) sebagai puncakmusimpemijahan dan pembiakan. Proporsi rajungan BEF secara spasio temporal tumpang tindih dengan daerah penangkapan rajungan pada hampir semua musim. Diperlukan strategi pengelolaan pemanfataan yang sesuai untukmenunjang keberhasilan reproduksi, diantaranya penangkapan menggunakan alat yang dapat mempertahankan BEF dalam keadaan hidup selama terperangkap, kemudian melepaskannya atau memeliharanya di area tertentu sampai menetaskan telurnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi larva dan pada akhirnya dapat mempertahankan populasi dan stok.Spatial-temporal distribution of berried females (BEFs) Portunus pelagicus was studied in East Lampung coastal waters. An investigation was conducted at three water depth stratifications, i.e., less than 5 m (stratum S1), between 5-10 m (stratum S2) and more than 10 m (stratum S3), as well as four sub-areas (A1 A4) in each of stratifications from March 2012 to February 2013. The abundance of BEF population was indicated by their proportion to non-berried females (NBFs) and to the total individual crabs, while the differences among the results were tested by one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the proportions of BEFs varied spatially, increased from stratum S1 to S3. Spawning and breeding seemed to dominantly occur at water depth more than 5 m and A2 and A3 sub-areas. BEFs were found throughout the year with two peaks of its occurrence, i.e. in May and in September to October, and those months were considered as peak of spawning and breeding seasons. The spatial and temporal occurrence of BEFs overlapped with crab fishing grounds in most fishing seasons. An appropriate fisheries management strategy is required for their reproduction success. Capturing crab by using eco-friendly fishing gear that render caught BEFs alive and releasing them or keeping them in certain area for hatching their eggs would enhance larvae production to maintain population and stock.

Community structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.