No abstract

In addition to the fundamental macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and interest rate which are very important for foreign investors, the Credit Default Swap (CDS), that shows the credit risk level of the country, is an important research topic. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to examine the effects of Turkey CDS and selected macroeconomic variables on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) 30 index (XU30). For this purpose, Granger Causality Relations, Impulse-Response Charts and Variance decomposition were made under the VAR model for 2010: 06 and 2020: 02 monthly periods. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that there was no Granger Causality relationship from variables to XU30 and XU30 stock returns toward selected macroeconomic indices either. However, it is found that shocks in CDS for two and a half months were responded negatively by XU30 returns at the significant beginning. Also, the positive and significant impact of the interest rate is worth to consider.

The existence of economic crises has created a need for new sources through economic history. Most of the time, public debt becomes crucial as a new source. For this purpose, the study tries to explain these questions: Is there any relationship between public debt and economic growth, and if there is a relationship between them what is the size or power of this effect. In this context, panel analysis has been made for selected 14 European countries which are Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Turkey at the time of 1980-2017. The results indicated that public debt has a detrimental effect on economic growth with different shares, except Denmark and Norway.

Tourism has a significant impact on economic growth as put forth by the tourism-led growth hypothesis. Turkey's earnings from tourism were 31.5 billion dollars in 2015 according to TURKSTAT. This implies that tourism is an important industry for Turkey and has a significant impact on economy. Therefore, the question whether a policy implementation in tourism is long-lasting or not is critical for both the industry and whole economy. This study researches the persistence of policies in tourism industry, employing tourism income series for period of 2009M1-2015M12 and tests the stationarity of this series using traditional unit root tests as well as a wavelet-based unit root test developed by Fan and Gencay (2010). Both seasonally adjusted and unadjusted series have been used. The empirical results point out that the traditional unit root test has a proclivity to report that tourism income series is I(1) or non-stationary. On the other hand, the waveletbase unit root test indicates that tourism income is stationary. The empirical result of wavelet-based test implies that impact of a shock on this sector is transitory. The income in tourism industry will return more or less back to its meaning the following year.