The present study evaluated the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Alternanthera pungens kunth.The ethanolic extract of Alternanthera pungens (EAP) showed analgesic effects by exerting ameliorated reaction time 40.79% and 44.74% at a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg,respectively, whereas standard was 41.78% by the hot plate test. Results of writhing inhibition were statistically significant (p <0.05) when compared to control. In addition to that, anti-inflammatory effects were also evaluated against denaturation of protein and the result was significant. Scavenging activity of EAP was 80.95% at the concentration of 800µg/mL. Moreover, HPLC-DAD analysis of EAP was also carried out to determine the presence of phenolic constituents & noted the presence of epicatechin,vanillin, p-coumaric acid etc. These studies inferred that EAP possesses analgesic, anti- inflammatory and antioxidant potential which might be due to presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, 129-136, 2018
This study was aimed to evaluate the possible analgesic properties of the ethanol extract of Hedyotis corymbosa L. (Rubiaceae) a locally available plant used in traditional medicine for the management of pain and other conditions. The dried powder of the whole plant was extracted with 95 % ethanol and was subjected first to various chemical tests to ascertain the main constituents contained in the extract. The result revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides in significant amounts. Then the extract was investigated for analgesic effect by using hot plate test, acetic acid induced writhing test and formalin test. The results showed that the ethanol extract of the plant at two different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) showed significant (p<0.05), dose-dependent analgesic effect which is mediated by both central and peripheral mechanism. The analgesic activity was compared with a standard drug, ketorolac used at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight.
Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of non-polar and polar extracts of Glochidion velutinum Wight have been studied. The phenolic content was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and colorimetric method was used to quantify flavonoids. Antioxidant activity was also measured by DPPH free radical scavenging assay and disk diffusion method was applied to test antimicrobial activity. Of the hexane, chloroform, ethanol and methanol extracts of Glochidion velutinum, higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found in methanol and ethanol extracts. Moreover, ethanol and methanol extracts also showed better antimicrobial and antioxidant activities than the other two extracts. The presence of various phytochemicals e.g. alkaloids, tannins, phenols etc in these extracts also substantiated the observed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.Key words: Glochidion velutinum, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Phytochemicals, Phenolic content, FlavonoidPlants have been the best source of remedies for curing a variety of diseases and have played key roles worldwide for maintenance of health. Natural products of higher plants are important sources of therapeutic agents. Therefore, many research groups are currently screening various plants for different biological activities (Mothana et al. 2010, Mulabagal et al. 2007, Leu et al. 2006. The cleaned leaves were dried in shade for 7 days followed by drying in an oven at 40C for 2 hours. The leaves were then ground to a coarse powder with the help of a mechanical grinder. Glochidion velutinumThe dried powder (400gm) was taken in four porous bags and placed in the chamber of four soxhlet extractors. The powder was first defatted with n-hexane for 28 hours. The defatted powder was then extracted with chloroform, ethanol and methanol successively as before, each for 28 hours. The extracts thus obtained were separately collected and denoted as hexane extract (HGV), chloroform extract (CGV), methanol extract (MGV) and ethanol extract (EGV).Preliminary phytochemical screenings of G. velutinum extracts were carried out using standard procedures as described by Trease and Evans (1978). All the extracts HGV, CGV, MGV and EGV revealed the presence of flavonoids, carbohydrate and alkaloids. The presence of tannins, steroids and saponins were observed only in CGV, MGV and EGV.The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical assay by standard protocol (Braca et al. 2001). The scavenging of DPPH free radical is indicated by the deep violet color being turned pale yellow or colorless. Various concentrations (1.56 to 800 µg/mL) of crude extracts were used to assess free radical inhibitory ability and ascorbic acid (1.56 to 50 µg/mL) was taken as standard. The absorbance of crude extracts/ standard was measured at 517 nm with UV-Visible spectrophotometer COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NON POLAR AND POLAR SOLVENT EXTRACTS 249(Shimadzu) and free radical inhibitory activity was determined using the following equation:where, C = Absorbance of control, T = Absorbance of crude extracts/standar...
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