Congenital malformations pose significant challenges in the low socioeconomic strata of developing countries. This review critically examines the prevalence, patterns, and factors influencing congenital malformations in these settings. It explores the physical, psychological, and economic consequences for affected individuals and their families and the social stigma and discrimination they face. The review highlights the importance of equity and access to healthcare services, the role of environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies, and the ethical considerations and policy implications associated with congenital malformations. Existing interventions, challenges in implementation, and innovative approaches are discussed. Gaps in knowledge and areas for further research are identified. Addressing congenital malformations in low socioeconomic strata requires multidisciplinary collaboration, advocacy, and inclusive policies. By prioritizing preventive measures, early detection, and comprehensive care, the burden of congenital malformations can be reduced, improving the quality of life for affected individuals and their communities.
A patient with a history of treated pain with intravenous drugs comes at high risk for drug abuse. Administration of intravenous pentazocine continuously for a long time in the same location affected the skin tissue. Pentazocine misuse is frequent among patients with chronic disease conditions and the easy availability of pentazocine injection can easily lead to significant consequences. We present a unique case of pentazocine misuse resulting in significant skin necrosis. We present a case of a 48-year-old male with a complaint of pain and wound with lesions over the arm due to the regular self-administered pentazocine in the same location. The therapeutic intervention given in this case is an opiate agonist to control the dependence on pentazocine.
Introduction: The burden of stroke is strongly affected by ageing. Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) has catastrophic effects, and treatment options are limited. ICH has long been considered to be the stroke specific type with the worst diagnosis. Hypertensive Intracranial Haemorrhage is a form of stroke that occurs when an artery in the brain bursts and the blood spreads to surrounding areas. Due to this bleeding, permanent damage occurs to brain cells. Swelling of brain tissues occurs from annoyance due to trauma. This condition is known as cerebral oedema. The collection of blood is called a hematoma. Due to hematoma, the pressure on nearby tissues increases and decreases crucial blood flow and persistently destroys brain cells. Case Presentation: This is a case of 50 year old hypertensive female with intracranial Haemorrhage. Her diagnostic CT Brain (plain) was done. Complete blood investigations were done. She had history of Hypertension since 24 years and vomiting for 2-3 times. Therapeutic Intervention and Outcomes: In the present case received Inj. Cefrizone 1 gm IV, bd, Inj. Pan 40mg iv od, Inj. Emset 4mg iv tds, Inj. Limsol 100 ml tds and tab Telmakind 40 mg BD and all other investigation done. No challenges were reported in therapeutic intervention. Patients blood pressure was managed and controlled and further progression of hematoma was prevented. Conclusion: Reduction of hypertension can be done through awareness, screening and early management of chronic diseases.
Young people are more likely to be involved in COVID-19-related health risks. In reducing the spread of the disease, their adherence to infection control measures is crucial. The goal of this research was to explore COVID-19's awareness, attitudes, and behaviours and its experiences with Indian youth. Most adolescents confirmed that their primary source of guidance on COVID-19 was television and social media, although few reported receiving that guidance from their schools. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, many recorded practicing efficient health care practices, largely predicted by their knowledge and understanding of these situation. Anti-trafficking methods are widely used, including closing schools and colleges, staying at home, working and studying at home, stopping public transportation, eliminating all social gatherings, using public facilities, wearing face masks and strict hand washing and hygiene practices. The awareness and attitudes of people should be focused on strong practices to prevent the virus from spreading. The purpose of the current research was to validate the knowledge, practice and attitudes of medical and non-medical college students at universities. Some assume that hand washing is important to avoid infection, while others think that infection can be avoided by wearing a mask.
Miliary tuberculosis (TB) is characterized by the spreading of Mycobacterium tuberculosis throughout the body, leading to various clinical manifestations and potential complications. This case involves a 58-year-old male who presented with fever, night sweats, weight loss, and respiratory symptoms. Diagnostic workup revealed the characteristic radiological findings of diffuse miliary nodules on CT scan and X-ray of the chest. Laboratory investigations, including a positive interferon-gamma release assay, supported the diagnosis. The patient was initiated on a multidrug anti-TB regimen consisting of rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, with adjunctive corticosteroids for severe manifestations. Close monitoring and supportive care were provided. The patient started anti-TB therapy and his health improved significantly. He was able to receive a kidney transplant successfully. The case report emphasizes the importance of early recognition, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment initiation to improve patient outcomes.
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