million COVID-19 cases and 1 million 400 thousand deaths due to COVID-19 in the world. In Turkey, as of 21 November 2020, there were 440 thousand COVID-19 cases and 12 thousand deaths due to COVID-19. Globally, the number of cases and deaths is increasing rapidly (Republic of Turkey Ministry, 2020; WHO, 2020a).All health care professionals, especially nurses, have been seriously affected by the pandemic. During this period, health care professionals have encountered heavier workloads, longer working hours, a more stressful working environment, and insufficient

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are a significant public health issue that negatively affects individuals and society both socially and economically, and increases the cost of care and cure. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the musculoskeletal problems and risk factors of academicians who transitioned to provide distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: The population of this descriptive cross-sectional study included academicians who worked in two public universities in Turkey. Ethical committee approval and institutional permissions were obtained between 1 and 28 February 2021. Data were collected using a personal information form, the Work Environment Evaluation Questionnaire, and the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity Assessment Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the number, percentage, independent group t-test, ANOVA test, and linear regression analysis (forward method). The analysis was interpreted at the 95% confidence level and 0.05 error margin. RESULTS: Of the academicians, 78% were women, 54.6% were married, 80.6% did not regularly exercise, and 73.5% had more workload during the distance education period. Academicians mostly experienced discomfort about their eyes, necks, and waists, and an increase at a significant level was detected in their musculoskeletal system problems during the distance education period. Increasing workload, duration of mobile phone use, active time, having an ergonomic chair, and gender predicted the musculoskeletal system pain intensity by 20% . CONCLUSION: Musculoskeletal system problems are a significant public health issue. Academicians should be informed and consulted for the protection of musculoskeletal system health during the distance education period.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate self-efficacy and health literacy of patients undergoing hemodialysis, to investigate the relationship between health literacy and self-efficacy, and to determine the factors affecting self-efficacy. Methods: The study was conducted in Eskisehir and Gumushane state hospitals affiliated to the Public Hospitals Association with the participation of 198 patients receiving hemodialysis treatment for chronic renal failure. The inclusion criteria were as follows: being ⩾18 years old, receiving hemodialysis, and agreeing to participate in the study. The study data were collected using face-to-face interview technique, and they were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.73 ± 16.32 years. Of the patients, 46% were primary school graduates, and 63.6% reported having other chronic diseases. The mean health literacy and self-efficacy scores were found to be 79.43 ± 26.09 and 23.98 ± 7.42, respectively. The results showed that the self-efficacy scores of the patients increased as the general health literacy scores increased, with a strong linear correlation between these variables ( r = 0.712; p ˂ 0.001). Patients with advanced age, low educational level, and widowed patients had lower self-efficacy and health literacy scores than others (respectively eta2 = 0.263, 0.116, 0.268, 0.141). Conclusion: High score of health literacy positively affects the self-efficacy score of hemodialysis patients.

Araştırma, sağlık çalışanlarının iletişim becerilerinin ve göçmenlerle yaşadıkları iletişim zorluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipte olan bu araştırma, Yozgat Şehir Hastanesi ve Yozgat il merkezindeki 8 aile sağlığı merkezindeki toplam 562 sağlık çalışanından, araştırma yapıldığı tarihlerde aktif çalışan ve gönüllü olan 450 sağlık çalışanı ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler, 2018 yılında yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Veriler, 14 sorudan oluşan "Anket Formu" ve 45 sorudan oluşan "İletişim Becerileri Envanteri (İBE)" kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayılar, yüzdelikler, ortalama ve standart sapmaların yanı sıra Kruskal-Wallis analizi ve Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmış, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunan çoklu gruplarda ileri analiz olarak Mann-Whitney U testi yapılmıştır. İstatistiksel anlamlılık değeri p<0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Araştırma kapsamına alınan sağlık çalışanlarının İBE puan ortalamaları 157,02±13,23'tür. Sağlık çalışanlarının 26-33 yaşında ve bekâr olanların İBE toplam puan ortalamalarının diğer gruplara göre yüksek çıktığı ve bu farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma yılı ve cinsiyet ile İBE toplam ve alt boyutlarının puan ortalaması arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmasa da kadınlar ve 10 yıl ve daha altında çalışanlar lehine İBE toplam puan ortalamasının daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Sağlık çalışanlarının %68,9'u göçmenlere çevirmen olmadan hizmet verdiğini belirtmiştir. Ancak çevirmenlerin sağlık bilgisi sorgulanmamıştır. Sağlık çalışanlarının %53,6'sı göçmenlerin verilen hizmete karşı tutumlarının olumsuz olduğunu ve %46,0'ı bu durumun verilen hizmeti zorlaştırdığını belirtmiştir. Hizmet sunumunu etkilemediğini belirten sağlık çalışanlarının hizmet sunumunu zorlaştırdığını ifade edenlere göre Zihinsel, Davranışsal İletişim Becerileri ve İBE toplam puan ortalamaları yüksek bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarının iletişim becerileri puan ortalamaları orta düzeyde bulunmuştur. Sağlık çalışanlarının iletişim becerilerinin hizmet içi eğitimlerle geliştirilmesi ve en çok karşılaşılan göçmen grubu 18-59 yaş grubu olduğu için bu yaş gruplarında en çok görülen sağlık problemlerini bilmeleri ve bu sorunların birçoğunun sebebi çevirmen eksikliği olduğundan, hastaların şikâyetlerini anlayan ve durumu sağlık çalışanına iletebilen sağlık bilgisine sahip çevirmenlerin sayılarının artırılması ve sağlık çalışanlarının hizmetlerine karşı göçmenlerin olumsuz tutumlarının değiştirilmesi için araştırmalar önerilebilir. Anah tar Ke li me ler: İletişim; göç; göçmen; sağlık çalışanı ABS TRACT Objective: The research was carried out to determine the communication skills and communication difficulties of healthcare professionals with migrants. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 562 healthcare workers in the Yozgat City Hospital and 8 family health centers in the Yozgat Province center, with 450 healthcare workers active and volunteering at the time of the s...

To develop a scale for money attitudes are of having significance to get an idea regarding many fields ranging from financial literacy skills to economic and demographic characteristics. Therefore, in this study, Money Attitude Scale was developed in Turkish. As for population, 360 individuals (160 male, 200 female) participated for the explanatory analysis in the study. Additionally 200 individuals participated for the confirmatory analysis in the study. The population consists of the students from various departments ranging from Economic to Mathematics to Education in Iğdır University and Ondokuz Mayıs University. As fort he explanatory factor analysis, a scale having 22 items and three factors was created. It was found that the Cronbach Alpha constant was .874. As for the confirmatory factor analysis, χ2 /sd is found to be 1.467, CFI is found to be .960, GFI is found to be .935, IFI is found to be .961, TLI value is found to be .955, RMSEA value is found to be .048 and RMR is found to be .129 indicating that that the structure is at an acceptable level. Neural network analysis show that the most important items for this model are the items belonging factor 3 "Money as a concrete medium" and Factor 2 ("Money as a tool for relationships") altough they have less items compared to first factor. At the end of the analysis it was concluded that factor 1 should be entitled as "Money as a tool for reaching ideal", factor 2 was entitled as "Money as a tool for relationships" and factor 3 was entitled as "Money as a concrete medium". It should be pointed out that these two dimensions are similar to the constructs of Furnham.