Uncontrolled application of pesticides can contaminate soil and may kill other nontarget organisms. This study aims to determine the usage pattern of pesticides by farmers in Wanasari Subdistrict and study the soil quality degradation potential. This study was a quantitative and qualitative research. Sources of data were collected from observation, questionnaire, and in-depth interview methods. The respondents were shallot farmers who planted shallot during 2013-2016 ( = 60). In-depth interview was done with three respondents from the local agricultural extension center (BPP). This study found that there were some different types of insecticides and fungicides that were used in every planting season. The farmers applied pesticides in large amount once every three or four days. They mixed minimally three insecticides and fungicides types about 30-40 ml for each type. Organophosphate residues that were found in soil samples were methidathion residue about 0.014 mg/kg, malathion residue ranging around 0.1370-0.3630 mg/kg, and chlorpyrifos residue in the range of 0.0110-0.0630 mg/kg. The excessive application of pesticides showed the land degradation potential. Soil quality laboratory testing is recommended to ensure the agricultural land condition. Routine assessment of soil quality and pesticide usage control is recommended to keep sustainable ecosystem.
Abstract.Organophosphates have been used to eradicate pests and prevent losses from harvest failures caused by pest attack. It is undeniable that the organophosphate persist in soil. This study aims to identify the organophosphate residue and soil properties include pH, soil texture, and permeability. The soil samples were taken from cropland in 10 villages, Wanasari sub-district, Brebes, Indonesia. Organophosphate residue determined by gas chromatography using Flame Photometric Detector. Soil texture was determined by soil texture triangle from NRCS USDA, and the permeability value was determined by falling head method. The mean value of chlorpyrifos, profenofos, diazinon were 0.0078; 0.0388; 0.2271 mg/l respectively. The soil texture varies from clay, silt clay, loam, silt loam, and silt clay loam with permeability value at 10 -7 with the soil pH value between 6.4 -8.1. The results showed that organophosphate residues found in the soil and its potential affect the soil fertility decline. We recommend to conduct routine soil quality analysis to prevent soil damage in the agricultural environment.
Nowadays, there are scientifict evidences correlates between environmental exposure to type 2 diabetes. Environmental pollution such as pesticides in agriculture area also play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. This study aims to determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in women farm worker in the horticulture farming area. The study was conducted on 52 respondents in Bandungan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Cross sectional design are used to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in exposed women farm worker. The results showed that there were significant relationship between work period, frequency of spraying plants, and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. There was no association between the length of work with the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
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