Objective:The purpose of our study is to correlate renal echogenicity with serum creatinine in order to determine the significance of renal echogenicity when it comes to identifying the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and for the sonographic grading of CKD.Materials and Methods:Sixty patients above 30 years of age who had been diagnosed with CKD according to the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation were included in the study. Patients on kidney replacement therapy or with fatty liver findings on ultrasonography were excluded. Ultrasounds of kidneys were performed by two radiologists who were blind to the patients’ serum creatinine levels. Renal cortical echogenicity was compared with serum creatinine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Scheffe's test. The relationship between serum creatinine and sonographic features was assessed by correlation coefficient analysis. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Mean serum creatinine was 2.80 mg/dl for Grade 1 (range: 0.9-9.2 mg/dl), 3.69 mg/dl for Grade 2 (range: 1.2-10.3 mg/dl), 3.86 mg/dl for Grade 3 (range: 1.1-6.5 mg/dl), and 7.90 mg/dl for Grade 4 (range: 3.1-11.4 mg/dl). The grades being determined by cortical echogenicity on imaging A statistically significant, positive correlation was observed between serum creatinine and grading based on cortical echogenicity (P = 0.004).Conclusion:Renal echogenicity and its grading correlates better with serum creatinine in CKD than other sonographic parameters such as longitudinal size, parenchymal thickness, and cortical thickness. Hence, renal echogenicity is a better parameter than serum creatinine for estimating renal function in CKD, and has the added advantage of irreversibility.

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of cecum (MANEC) was first reported by Cardier in 1924. These tumors are thought to arise from multi-potential stem cells, which have differentiated bidirectionally. Location of the tumor influences the treatment and outcome. We report a rare case of MANEC where the patient presented with abdominal pain and distension. Imaging revealed an ileo colic intussusception with the lead point being a MANEC.

Nasal lobular capillary hemangioma is a rare benign tumor of the paranasal sinuses. This lesion is believed to grow rapidly in size over time. The exact etiopathogenesis is still a dilemma. We discuss a case of nasal lobular capillary hemangioma presenting with a history of epistaxis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of paranasal sinuses revealed an intensely enhancing soft-tissue mass in the left nasal cavity and left middle and inferior meati with no obvious bony remodeling or destruction. We present imaging and pathologic features of nasal lobular capillary hemangioma and differentiate it from other entities like nasal angiofibroma.

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Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal soft tissue tumor without attachment to the bone, and is able to produce osteoid or cartilaginous matrix. This entity accounts for 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Thus far, less than 35 cases of bladder osteosarcomas have been reported in the literature. These tumors are associated with very poor prognosis. We report a case of primary osteosarcoma of the urinary bladder presenting with intermittent hematuria, dysuria, and right flank pain. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen, pelvis, and chest revealed a bladder mass and pulmonary metastases with specks of calcification.

Congenital cystic diseases of the lung are a rare but significant cause of morbidity in children and young adults presenting with respiratory distress and repeated chest infections. They consist of cystic adenomatoid malformation, bronchogenic cyst, pulmonary sequestration, and congenital lobar emphysema. Surgical treatment is a safe and an effective method of treatment. Chest X-ray and computed tomography are the key imaging modalities used for diagnosis.

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of branched-chain amino acid metabolism. The condition gets its name from the distinctive sweet odour of affected infants’ urine. MSUD is caused by a deficiency of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase enzyme complex, leading to accumulation of the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and their toxic by-products (ketoacids) in the blood and urine. Imaging is characterestized by MSUD oedema affecting the myelinated white matter. We present a neonate with classic type of MSUD and its imaging features on computed tomography, conventional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Hydatidosis is a parasitic disease, endemic in various parts of the World. It frequently involves liver and lungs and, rarely, other organs as well. Isolated renal hydatidosis is a rare entity that accounts for less than 3% of all hydatid cases. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. We hereby report a case of isolated renal hydatid cyst involving left kidney that was managed by laparoscopic approach.