Abstract. Kayadoe M, Rochana A, Tanuwiria AH, Sinaga S. 2019. Short Communication: Effect of different feed combination on the growth development of spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in captivity. Biodiversitas 20: 526-531. One of the problems in maintaining cuscus in captivity was feed factor. Farmers had given various combinations of feed for cuscus, and several studies had been conducted on cuscus feed. For cuscus feed, it mostly used more than two types of feed, and the most dominant was banana. Inefficiency occurred fresh feed was prepared with more than two types. It can be costly, time-consuming and has more digestibility problem. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct an assessment by limiting the number of feed in two types to see the benefits of the ration (70% carbohydrate feed sources Musa paradisiaca var. mas and 30% from Pometia pinnata leaves, Pongamia pinnata leaves, Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica rapa var. parachinensis and Gryllus spp. The research was conducted for 36 days consisting of 2 periods, namely the adaptation period (5 days) and the data collection period (7 days), 3 times replications. The amount of feeding was limited based on 90% of adequacy of dry matter (preliminary research). The weighting of the initial body weight of cuscus and the final weight was carried out at the beginning and end of the period of data collection. Faecal was collected every day during the period of data collection. Each type of feed and fecal was analyzed for the dry matter. The results showed no significant effect (P>0.01) on dry matter consumption, but significantly affected the digestibility coefficients of dry matter. The preferred ration was 100% M. paradisiaca var. mas, which 49.99g/day, then a combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas with I. aquatica 48.187 g/day and M. paradisiaca var. mas combination with Averrhoa carambola (48.06 g/day), while the less preferred combination was M. paradisiaca var. mas with leaves from forest plants and combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas and animal protein feed sources i.e. Gryllus spp. However, the highest digestibility coefficient was achieved in 100% M. paradisiaca var. mas and M. paradisiaca var. mas combine with Gryllus spp. Furthermore, the relationship between digestibility coefficient and body weight gain showed that the combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas and Gryllus spp. had higher body weight gain compared to 100% Musa paradisiacal var. mas. Based on this study it was concluded that cuscus required a combination of carbohydrate feed sources and animal protein feed sources obtained from M. paradisiaca var. mas and Glyllus spp.

ABSTRAKUlat jerman merupakan larva dari kumbang Zophobas morio yang saat ini banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Ulat jerman banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan untuk beberapa hewan peliharaan seperti burung kicau, sugar glider, dan berbagai macam reptile. Percobaan ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3600 ekor ulat jerman terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, sehingga di dapat 18 unit percobaan dan setiap unit percobaan terdiri atas 200 ekor ulat Jerman. Perlakuan tersebut di antaranya P1 = dedak, P2 = pollard, dan P3 = onggok. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis ragam dan perbedaan antara perlakuan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Berdasarkan analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa pemberian media nutrisi berbeda nyata terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum dan daya hidup ulat Jerman. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil bahwa pollard merupakan media nutrisi terbaik bagi pertumbuhan ulat Jerman.Kata kunci : Ulat Jerman, media nutrisi, dedak, pollard, onggok, bobot badan, konsumsi efisiensi pakan

Fresh feed for cuscus has been carried out, however, the fresh feed has a fast rate of damage, so it is necessary to study the feedthrough further processing in the form of pellet rations which are the result of the formulation of cuscus feed ingredients. As a follow-up, it is necessary to study the physical quality of pellet rations. The formulation of pellet rations was based on the study of preferred level of seven types of cuscus feed (banana, sweet starfruit, matoa leaves, beach ironwood leaves, water spinach leaves, green mustard leaves, and crickets) that are useful as a source of carbohydrates, fiber sources, protein sources of vegetable a protein source of animal. The treatments consisted of three formulations: formulation A based on preference level, formulation B by increasing protein content 10% and formulation C increased protein 20% of requirement. Each formulation was made of two types of pellet diameter, 5 mm and 7 mm, so that pellet rations treatment was obtained. The physical quality test included water content, water activity, pellet and mesh density using analysis of variance, while tests of resistance to friction and resistance to impact were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that the pellet ration with formulation A had better physical quality both with a diameter of 5 mm and 7 mm, but overall from the three formulations concluded that the best 5 mm diameter of a pellet.

The coffee plant is a commodity that is widely grown in Toba Regency, Province of North Sumatera. Coffee berry borer (CBB) Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) is an essential pest in coffee plants which can reduce the quantity and quality of coffee fruit up to 50%. This research was to study the use of attractants derived from extract coffee bean and outer skin (pericarp) at various height traps to control CBB in Parsaoran Sibisa Village, Lumban Julu District, Toba Regency. This research method uses a factorial randomized block design with two treatments and three replications. For the first factor is the type of attractants (aqua-des, coffee beans and pericarp). The second factor is the height of the trap (0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 m). The results showed that the interaction of attactant type and trap height had no significant effect, but the attractiveness of coffee beans significantly affected CBB population trapped. The attractant of coffee beans caught 16.40 adults, 6.57 adults pericarp and 0.04 adults of distilled water. The best trap height is at 0.5 m with 8.50 adults followed by a height of 1.0 m and 1.5 m each with 8.28 adults and 6.24 adults.

Se’i is a traditional processed pork product in East Nusa Timor which is made through the smoking process using smoke of Kosambi wood so that the meat is more durable and has a distinctive taste. The objective of the research was to determine the best smoking duration on the physical properties and acceptability of pork. The research was conducted experimentally according to a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments of smoke duration and six replications. The experiments cosisted of 60(P1), 70(P2) and 80(P3) minutes, respectively. Physical properties parameters (water holding capacity, tenderness, and smoking loss) were analysed by analysis of varians, while acceptability parameters (color, taste, and flavor) were determine using Kruskal Wallis test. Polynomial orthogonal test was performed to determine the trends of the effect of treatments on the measured variables. The results of the research showed that duration of smoke curing on pork significantly affect the physical properties especially on the tenderness and smoking loss parameters, but did not influence the water holding capacity of pork. Furthermore, the increasing length of smoking application was followed by the decreasing of water holding capacity value (Y = 41,92-0.250X;  R2 = 0,99), while in contrast, positive trend was observed on the smoking loss variable (Y = 18,98 + 0,226X; R2 = 0,94). On the other hand, tenderness follows the Quadratic pattern as Y = 0.084x2 - 11.97x + 495.0 R² = 1). A majority of panelists in this study also favored of Se’i meat which was smoked by kosambi wood for 60 minutes compared to a longer duration. Therefore, smoking duration for 60 minutes is the best treatment to obtain better physical properties of pork as well as a higher level of acceptance.

Betaine and turmeric powder have the benefit of increasing digestibility and metabolism which affects the productivity of pig finisher period. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect and best dosage of betaine addition combined with turmeric powder in feed on ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio of finisher period pig. The research was conducted experimentally according to a completely randomized design with 4 type of combination treatments of betain and turmeric powder in ration as follow: R0 = Basal feed, R1 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.1% betaine, R2 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.15% betaine, R3 = R0 + 0.4% turmeric powder + 0.2% betaine. Each treatment was repeated five times. The variables observed were ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio. The results of the research showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the number of ileum villi, protein digestion, protein efficiency ratio, and. The addition of 0.15% betaine combined with 0.4% turmeric powder (R2) in feed showed the best effect on the ileum villi, protein digestion, and protein efficiency ratio of pig finisher period

Antibiotic Growth Promoter (AGP) synthetic as a feed additive can stimulate growth, prevent some health problems, and improve feed efficiency. However, its journey has raised concerns due to adverse effects such as residues and microbial resistance. The use of turmeric flour and betaine as feed additives is expected to substitute the use of AGP Synthetic in improving the performance of pig carcasses and the safety of consumption. This study was aimed to examine the effect of the addition of turmeric flour and different doses of betaine in the ration on the performance of finisher period pigs. The study was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The objects of the study were 20 male and female finisher Landrace pigs with a finisher period with initial body weights of 55-66 kg/head. The study rations used were R0: basal ration, R1: R0 + 0.4% turmeric flour + 0.1% betaine, R2: R0 + 0.4% turmeric flour + 0.15% betaine and R3: R0 + 0.4% turmeric flour + 0.2% betaine. The parameters measured were carcass weight, backfat thickness, and loin eye area. The addition of turmeric flour treatment did not have any significant effects on carcass weight and thickness of the back fat of the pig. The addition of 0.4% turmeric flour and 0.15% betaine in the ration was the best treatment and resulted in a different effect on the loin eye area compared to that of R0, while treatment R1 and R3 had a similar effect on it. The result of the addition of 0.4% turmeric flour and 0.15% betaine resulted in the loin eye area of the finisher pig of 53.4 cm2

This research aimed to determine factors affecting farmers’ calves rearing decision and further determine which of the factors were categorized as the critical elements on the practice as well. A qualitative method was used in this research, where beef and dairy cattle farmer groups, dairy cooperative staffs, and regional department of livestock and animal health staffs were questioned as the source of information and data collection. The research area covered Tasikmalaya and Kuningan District for beef cattle rearing, while for the dairy cattle rearing covered Bandung and West Bandung District.  The obtained data were then analyzed through Participatory System Analysis (PSA) approach. The results showed that factors which affect farmer’s dairy calves rearing decision were high-cost production, long rearing time, calves rearing status as a secondary income source, and reared calves’ quality. Furthermore, the results of this research also showed that the critical elements the decision were calves rearing status as secondary income and calves’ quality.