Rabbit meat bekasam is a traditional fermentation product from Indonesia.This study aimed to determine the chemical and microbiological characteristics of rabbit meat bekasam during the fermentation process in order to isolate, characterize (in vitro and in vivo), and identify lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as the probiotic candidate. The chemical contents of bekasam on 7-day fermentation were investigated in explorative and experimental methods in a completely randomized design. A proximate analysis reported a decrease in the moisture content, fat and carbohydrate content, and an increase in protein content. Also, lactic acid content was increased from 0.48% to 1.12%, and pH was decreased from 5.3 to 4.3. Other properties indicated different values, such as bacteria (2.75×10 6 to 4.45×10 7 CFU/g), total LAB (3.82×10 6 to 4.67×10 8 CFU/g), total yeast (9.89×10 6 to 3.82×10 8 CFU/g) and total mould (4.34×10 1 to 4.86×10 3 CFU/g). The experiment produced nine LAB isolates, including two probiotics subjected to further 16S rRNA gene analysis, which indicated that Lactobacillus buchneri was the potential probiotic isolate. After being tested on BALB/c mice, L. buchneri could improve the immune system by inhibiting the growth of Coliform and Salmonella.

Mayonnaise merupakan produk pangan emulsi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi salah satu pangan fungsional melalui modifikasi dalam proses pengolahannya.  Salah satunya dengan cara menambahkan berbagai konsentrasi bakteri asam laktat dalam mayonnaise sehingga bermanfaat bagi kesehatan manusia dan aman untuk dikonsumsi. Bakteri asam laktat yang dapat digunakan yaitu Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus casei.  Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi bakteri asam laktat terbaik terhadap sifat mikrobiologi (jumlah bakteri total dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat) dan sifat kimia (pH dan kadar asam laktat) mayonnaise probiotik.  Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan, yaitu 5% L. plantarum(P1), 5% L.casei (P2), 10% L. plantarum (P3), 10% L.casei (P4), 15% L. plantarum (P5), dan 15% L.casei (P6) dengan 3 kali ulangan.  Analisis sidik ragam digunakan untuk mengetahui konsentrasi bakteri asam lakat terhadap sifat mikrobiologi dan sifat kimia mayonnaise dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan Uji Tukey untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar perlakuan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi 15% bakteri asam laktat menghasilkan jumlah bakteri total masing-masing sebesar 1,89 x 109 cfu/g (L.plamtarum), 1,60 x 109 cfu/g (L.casei) dan jumlah BAL sebesar 2,34 x 109 cfu/g (L.plamtarum), 2,14 x 109 cfu/g (L.casei) tertinggi dengan pH  sebesar  4,42 (L.plamtarum), 4,37 (L.casei) dan kadar asam laktat sebesar 0,48% (L.plamtarum), 0,55% (L.casei).

Local isolates of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bakasam had potential to producing extracellular proteases. The research was carried out with the purpose of knowing the biochemical character of protease produced from isolates of lactic acid bacteria. The results showed extracellular protease isolates BAL 2 (Lactobacillus acidophillus) has a specific activity i.e. of 0.89 U/mg. Biochemical characterization of proteases indicates optimum pH 5.5, and is inhibited by chelating agent EDTA. The result of the purification with Sephadex G-100 column showed a band on SDS-PAGE with the size of molecular weight approximately 90 kD.

The Lactic Acid Bacteria with Milk Clotting Activity (MCA) were isolated from Bakasam, an Indonesian traditional fermented meat. The isolate screening was carried out using modified method of Skim Milk Agar and Milk Clotting Activity Test, and the isolate was then identified using 16S rRNA. We found 4 isolates that showed MCA of 18-20 SU/ml. Identification using 16S rRNA indicated that the isolate ALG.1.15 was 99% (FR3-F primer) and 99% (FR3-R primer) identic with Enterococcus faecium. The isolate potentially produced renin-like protease to subtitute renin from veal.

The local isolates of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) have not been optimally developed in the cheese making process. The aim of this research was to know the clotting activity and the percentage and characteristics of curd produced during milk fermentation using local isolate of BAL L casei 2.12. The results showed that during 12 hours incubation the value of milk clotting activity (MCA) was 8.33 SU / mL, the curd percentage was 12.5% (w / v) with curd firmness (++++) very good and Total Plate Count 1.14. 109 cfu / g. These results indicate the use of L casei 2.12 as a starter LAB probiotic capable of causing coagulation of casein and produce fresh cheese probiotic.

Se’i is a traditional processed pork product in East Nusa Timor which is made through the smoking process using smoke of Kosambi wood so that the meat is more durable and has a distinctive taste. The objective of the research was to determine the best smoking duration on the physical properties and acceptability of pork. The research was conducted experimentally according to a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments of smoke duration and six replications. The experiments cosisted of 60(P1), 70(P2) and 80(P3) minutes, respectively. Physical properties parameters (water holding capacity, tenderness, and smoking loss) were analysed by analysis of varians, while acceptability parameters (color, taste, and flavor) were determine using Kruskal Wallis test. Polynomial orthogonal test was performed to determine the trends of the effect of treatments on the measured variables. The results of the research showed that duration of smoke curing on pork significantly affect the physical properties especially on the tenderness and smoking loss parameters, but did not influence the water holding capacity of pork. Furthermore, the increasing length of smoking application was followed by the decreasing of water holding capacity value (Y = 41,92-0.250X;  R2 = 0,99), while in contrast, positive trend was observed on the smoking loss variable (Y = 18,98 + 0,226X; R2 = 0,94). On the other hand, tenderness follows the Quadratic pattern as Y = 0.084x2 - 11.97x + 495.0 R² = 1). A majority of panelists in this study also favored of Se’i meat which was smoked by kosambi wood for 60 minutes compared to a longer duration. Therefore, smoking duration for 60 minutes is the best treatment to obtain better physical properties of pork as well as a higher level of acceptance.

The process of making egg white powder would determine the qualities of the product. One way to maintain the qualities of the egg white powder could be done through egg white fermentation prior to drying. This research aims to understand the effect of Kluyveromyces lactis fermentation on egg white at different starter concentrations and fermentation time to the physicochemical and functional properties of the egg white powder. The research is conducted in a completely randomized design experiment with nested treatment. The K. lactis starter concentrations were divided into 3 groups (P1 = 0.2%; P2 = 0.4%; and P3 = 0.6%), and the fermentation times were divided into two groups (W1 = 12 h; and W2 = 24 h), with all treatments were repeated four times and nested on the starter concentration. The results showed that concentration K. lactis starter concentration and fermentation time gave no significant effect to the physicochemical and functional (pH, yield, solubility, water, ash, and carbohydrate content, and colours (L*, a*, b*)) properties, but increase the protein content of the egg white powder. The research concludes that egg white fermentation with 0.6% Kluyveromyces lactis concentration for 24 h gave the best physicochemical and functional properties of the egg white powder.

In East Nusa Tenggara, liquid palm sugar has been long used as a marination material because this process can reduce beef water activity so that it can reduce the number of microbes. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of microbes (bacteria and yeasts) in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria and acceptability of beef which was marinated using liquid palm sugar. The experiment was conducted experimentally in a laboratory according to a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of immersion time, namely the immersion for 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days and 10 days and four replications for each treatment. The results of the study showed that the highest increase in the total plate count was observed for the immersion time of 5 days, following the quadratic equation of Y = 92.46 + 64.53X + -493.09X2 (R2= 0.57), the highest increase of lactic acid bacteria in beef was on 5-day immersion time following the quadratic equation of Y = 52.93 + 63.33X + - 477.15X2 (R2=0.79), and the increase in total yeast of beef over 5-day of immersion time followed the regression equation Y= 46.73 + 18.86X (R2= 0.82). The texture and overall acceptance of marinated beef are preferred for the 5-day immersion, while the color, taste, and flavor are not affected by the length of marination time up to 10 days of immersion.