Pig production is a key livelihood sector and a source of economic and social beneficiaries, which has many interest and interlinked actors. The inventory which includes all resources and the roles played by actors is utmost important in pig farming system. Some stakeholders are interlinked in function, forming a complex system with multi-disciplinary actors. This research aims to distinctively map and provide clear involvement of actors or stakeholders in relation to their contribution towards pig business. As much as 32 institutions were interviewed based on the roles and resources of individuals working inside the organizations formally and informally. The parameters collected inlude the structure, status of law, and types of organization. As well as stakeholders' role, effect, importance, threat, and turn-back impact. The data obtained include resources sharing, duration, continuity, power, and interventions. Those related to intervention were policy, finance, space, time, access, satisfaction, knowledge, skills, threats, and power. In terms of innovation, the data collected include power, finance, space, time, access, satisfaction, knowledge, skills, threats, and power. And were stored in Microsoft excel worksheet and exported to Social Network Visualizer software version 2.5. The key and strategic stakeholder in pig business beneficiary were identified and determined based on power and interest. The following were identified in the first rank: crop farmers, private credit business, village officer, and local community. In the second rank, the factors identified include government (local and national), student community services, and security.

Abstract. Kayadoe M, Rochana A, Tanuwiria AH, Sinaga S. 2019. Short Communication: Effect of different feed combination on the growth development of spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in captivity. Biodiversitas 20: 526-531. One of the problems in maintaining cuscus in captivity was feed factor. Farmers had given various combinations of feed for cuscus, and several studies had been conducted on cuscus feed. For cuscus feed, it mostly used more than two types of feed, and the most dominant was banana. Inefficiency occurred fresh feed was prepared with more than two types. It can be costly, time-consuming and has more digestibility problem. Therefore, it was necessary to conduct an assessment by limiting the number of feed in two types to see the benefits of the ration (70% carbohydrate feed sources Musa paradisiaca var. mas and 30% from Pometia pinnata leaves, Pongamia pinnata leaves, Ipomoea aquatica, Brassica rapa var. parachinensis and Gryllus spp. The research was conducted for 36 days consisting of 2 periods, namely the adaptation period (5 days) and the data collection period (7 days), 3 times replications. The amount of feeding was limited based on 90% of adequacy of dry matter (preliminary research). The weighting of the initial body weight of cuscus and the final weight was carried out at the beginning and end of the period of data collection. Faecal was collected every day during the period of data collection. Each type of feed and fecal was analyzed for the dry matter. The results showed no significant effect (P>0.01) on dry matter consumption, but significantly affected the digestibility coefficients of dry matter. The preferred ration was 100% M. paradisiaca var. mas, which 49.99g/day, then a combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas with I. aquatica 48.187 g/day and M. paradisiaca var. mas combination with Averrhoa carambola (48.06 g/day), while the less preferred combination was M. paradisiaca var. mas with leaves from forest plants and combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas and animal protein feed sources i.e. Gryllus spp. However, the highest digestibility coefficient was achieved in 100% M. paradisiaca var. mas and M. paradisiaca var. mas combine with Gryllus spp. Furthermore, the relationship between digestibility coefficient and body weight gain showed that the combination of M. paradisiaca var. mas and Gryllus spp. had higher body weight gain compared to 100% Musa paradisiacal var. mas. Based on this study it was concluded that cuscus required a combination of carbohydrate feed sources and animal protein feed sources obtained from M. paradisiaca var. mas and Glyllus spp.

<p>The objective of this study was to investigate the performances of rabbit using several levels of Kebar grass in concentrate, i.e. 0, 5, 10 and 15%, according to protein requirement 19%. Research designed by using Randomized Design Group and each treatment was replicated two times. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and Continued with LSD test. The addition of kebar grass concentrates had no effect in ration and feed efficiency, but significantly affect body weight gain in treatment of 10% and 15% compared to without addition (0%) of kebar grass and 5%. The addition of kebar grass did not affect palatability.</p><p>Key words : kebar grass, rabbit, concentrate, formulations</p>

Wildlife hunting is important in satisfying people’s need for meat as a source of dietary protein as well as being of economic value to the studied communities. Many people in Indonesian New Guinea rely on the benefits obtained from the extraction of plants and animals in the tropical forests, including hunting. This review aims to synthesise existing knowledge and identify areas that are fundamental to the body of knowledge on Indigenous hunting that has been integrated into many forest people societies in Indonesian New Guinea. People keep a relationship with nature by harmonising Indigenous hunting and cultural background. Available food source from wildlife and limited access to livestock were the major reason to acquire wild animals for consumption through hunting. Throughout of Indonesian New Guinea, the commercial hunting provide more opportunities for income generation. Indigenous hunting has long been part of cultural life of forest, providing a source of dietary protein to the household, and offer forms of income generation to the studied communities.   Key words: Culture, Food consumption, trade, Indigenous hunting, Indonesian New Guinea

ABSTRAKSebuah penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi sumber polisakarida nonpati (NSP) tidak-larut yang berbeda pada level 0, 20, 40, 60 g/kg terhadap performan dan perkembangan saluran pencernaan ayam broiler muda (doc-21 d). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara sumber dan level NSP tidak-larut pada setiap variabel yang diukur. Efek signifikan hanya didapatkan pada level NSP tidak-larut. Ayam broiler muda yang diberi ransum bentuk mash yang disuplementasi dengan 6% NSP tidak-larut menurunkan pertambahan berat badan (P<0,05) dan memberikan rasio pertambahan berat badan:konsumsi yang jelek (P<0,01). Ransum tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada konsumsi ransum (KR), berat relatif dari gizzard, jejunum-ileum, usus buntu, dan berat relatif pankreas. Level NSP tidak-larut mempengaruhi berat digesta saluran pencernaan dengan berat digesta jejunum-ileum (P<0,01) didapatkan tertinggi pada suplementasi 6% NSP tidak-larut. Berat kering digesta jejunum-ileum dan kadar air feses juga tidak dipengaruhi oleh ransum (P≥0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NSP tidak-larut dapat disuplementasikan pada ransum ayam broiler muda sampai dengan level 4%. Ada kemungkinan bahwa peningkatan performan ayam broiler muda yang disuplementasi NSP tidak-larut sampai level 4% adalah karena meningkatnya KR dan kondisi usus yang lebih baik. Suplementasi NSP tidak-larut tidak menghasilkan dampak yang kuat karena ransum diberikan dalam bentuk mash. Kata kunci : NSP tidak-larut ,performan broiler, konsumsi ransum, berat gizzard relatif ABSTRACTAn experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different insoluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) sources supplementation at levels 0, 20, 40, 60 g/kg on performance and digestive tract development of young broilers (doc-21 d). Results showed that there were no interactions between insoluble NSP sources and levels at any variable measured. Only levels of insoluble NSP had significant effect. Young broilers fed mash basal diet supplemented with 6% insoluble NSP decreased body weight gain (P<0.05) and impaired gain-to-feed ratio (P<0.01). Diets did not have a significant effect on feed intake (FI), in addition to the relative weight of gizzard, jejunum-ileum, caeca, and pancreas. Levels of NSP affected the weight of gastrointestinal digesta with jejunal-ileal digesta was found to be the highest (P<0.01) in 6% insoluble NSP supplementation. Dry matter of jejunal-ileal digesta and excreta moisture also did not significantly affected by diets (P≥0.05). The present study demonstrated that the insoluble NSP can be supplemented to young broilers diet up to 4%. It is likely that increased performance of young broilers supplemented with insoluble NSP up to 4% was due to increase FI and a better gut environment. The supplementation of insoluble NSP did not produce strong impact considering that the diets were given in mash form.