Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui indeks performan, tingkat mortalitas, pencapaian bobot badan dan feed convertion ratio yang dicapai oleh peternak yang menggunakan closed house system dan open house system. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas pada peternak open house system lebih baik dibanding dengan closed house system. Bobot Badan ayam pedaging pada closed house system lebih tinggi dibanding dengan open house system pada umur rata-rata umur panen 32 hari. Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR) pada peternakan closed house system lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan open house system. Indeks performan pada peternakan dengan closed house system lebih tinggi bila dibanding dengan open house system, namun keduanya termasuk dalam kategori sangat baik.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perbedaan tatalaksana pemeliharaan ternak babi oleh tiga suku besar di Papua, yaitu Byak, Onate dan Arfak. Wilayah penelitian meliputi dua provinsi yaitu Papua dan Papua Barat. Suku-suku di Provinsi Papua yang diamati meliputi wilayah suku Byak di Pulau Biak dan etnis Onate di Pulau Yapen. Sementara di Provinsi Papua Barat diwakili oleh suku Arfak. Lokasi studi di Biak meliputi Distrik Samofa, Kepulauan Yapen di Distrik Yapen Selatan meliputi kampong Famboaman, Anotaurei, Mariadei dan Mantembu. Lokasi studi di Manokwari meliputi Distrik Manokwari Barat pada Kelurahan Wosi. Dengan menggunakan riset partisipasi berupa interview dan observasi sebanyak 105 peternak babi diwawancarai dan di ambil datanya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Analisis Ragam dan Pearson Chi-square (χ 2 ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakeristik peternak relatif sama yang meliputi umur, pendidikan, tujuan beternak dan spesies ternak yang dipelihara. Namun demikian, terdapat beberapa perbedaan dalam hal pengalaman beternak, jumlah ternak yang dipelihara dan jumlah anak sekelahiran. Ransum pakan yang diberikan berbeda. Temuan yang tidak signifikan berbeda adalah pada sumber pakan dan proses pengolahan pakan. Pengetahuan reproduksi ternak dan pengalaman dalam hal manajemen partus pada ternak induk babi relatif sama diantara ketiga etnis Papua. Pengalaman menangani penyakit ternak dan pengetahun pada penyakit menular adalah relatif sama. Secara umum diantara ketiga etnis ini tatalaksana pemeliharaannya relatif sama.Kata kunci: sistim peternakan babi, etnis asli Papua, Byak, Onate, Arfak. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to depict the pig farming performances of three different native Papuan tribes, i.e. Byak, Onate and Arfak. Sites in Biak were taken from Samofa District. Sites in Yapen were taken from South Yapen District comprised of Famboaman, Anotaurei, Mariadei and Mantembu villages. Site in Manokwari was chosen at Sub-district of Wosi. Participatory research using interview and observation was done towards 105 pig farmers. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson Chisquare (χ 2 ) were used to analyse data. Several indicators tested were age, education, objectives of rearing pigs, and species of pigs. The characteristics of pig farmers were similar. The variations of pig farmers' characteristics ware found in pigs' rearing experience, animal number and litter size. Offered feeding on each physiological period was different. Similar finding were feeding sources and feeding process. Reproduction knowledge and their experience in farrowing management are similar amongst the tribes. In general experiences and knowledge to prevent infectious diseases in general were similar. The three tribes have relatively similar in managing their pig farming systems.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur biaya dan tingkat pendapatan usaha peternakan ayam pedaging dengan menggunakan closed house system dan open house system. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi biaya tetap tertinggi pada closed house system berturut-turut adalah biaya peralatan (81,97%), biaya penyusutan kandang (14,40%), tandon air (1,66%), bangunan listrik (1,20), dan gudang (0,77%), sedangkan pada peternak open house system berturut-turut dari tertinggi adalah biaya kandang (50,26%), biaya peralatan (42,86), biaya tandon air, dan gudang. Proporsi biaya variabel tertinggi pada kedua kelompok peternak adalah biaya pakan, biaya DOC, tenaga kerja, listrik, medicine dan bahan bakar. Proporsi biaya variabel pada kedua kelompok lebih dari 97 % dari total biaya. Rata-rata penerimaan yang diterima oleh peternak ayam pedaging yang menggunakan closed house system lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan yang diterima oleh peternak ayam pedaging dengan open house system. Pendapatan per periode produksi yang diterima oleh peternak ayam pedaging dengan closed house system lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan peternak open house system. Namun pendapatan per ekor maupun per kg bobot badan terlihat sebaliknya. Demikian juga rasio antara penerimaan dengan biaya (R/C) bahwa pada usaha peternakan ayam pedaging dengan open house system lebih tinggi (1,10) bila dibandingkan dengan pada closed house system (1,07).
Pig production is a key livelihood sector and a source of economic and social beneficiaries, which has many interest and interlinked actors. The inventory which includes all resources and the roles played by actors is utmost important in pig farming system. Some stakeholders are interlinked in function, forming a complex system with multi-disciplinary actors. This research aims to distinctively map and provide clear involvement of actors or stakeholders in relation to their contribution towards pig business. As much as 32 institutions were interviewed based on the roles and resources of individuals working inside the organizations formally and informally. The parameters collected inlude the structure, status of law, and types of organization. As well as stakeholders' role, effect, importance, threat, and turn-back impact. The data obtained include resources sharing, duration, continuity, power, and interventions. Those related to intervention were policy, finance, space, time, access, satisfaction, knowledge, skills, threats, and power. In terms of innovation, the data collected include power, finance, space, time, access, satisfaction, knowledge, skills, threats, and power. And were stored in Microsoft excel worksheet and exported to Social Network Visualizer software version 2.5. The key and strategic stakeholder in pig business beneficiary were identified and determined based on power and interest. The following were identified in the first rank: crop farmers, private credit business, village officer, and local community. In the second rank, the factors identified include government (local and national), student community services, and security.
This study was aimed to determine the profiles of pig farming systems. Participatory situation analysis was employed to gain data relating to pig profiles in the urban and rural areas of Manokwari. Due to the interests of combining many correlated data, multivariate analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed. Cluster Analysis using Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering was applied for analysis of merge samples based on similarity in components' composition across sites. There were various twelve classes of pig profiles in Manokwari. In principal component of the first axis correlation of several components shows strong positive relation e.g. in piglets, sows, and total herd size. Status of region in the first axis of PCA (P1) through which pigs were raised had negative correlation, including grower, household member and pig production. In the second axis (P2), negative correlations were shown in piglets, grower, boars, total herd size and the Pig Production Potential (PPP). Status of region has underpinned profiles of pigs. Several farmers were able to manage their farm continuity in a steady composition. Selling pigs was the main aim and few farmers play a role as pure breeder.
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