Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a rare, benign, highly vascular, and locally aggressive tumor that predominantly occurs in adolescent males. Usually, the presenting symptom is a painless nasal obstruction or epistaxis; however, other symptoms may develop depending on the size and extent of the tumor mass. Owing to the vascularity of the tumor, incisional biopsy is not attempted. The diagnosis is dependent on multiplanar imaging modalities like Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and Angiography. These imaging modalities help in assessing the tumor mass, pre-operative embolization of the feeder vessel, and treatment planning. Usually, patients with JNA are diagnosed by otorhinolaryngologists, but here, we present a rare case of JNA reporting to the dental hospital due to a tender palatal swelling.
Oral dysplasia is a potentially precancerous lesion diagnosed histologically. While the risk of progression is associated with histological grade, it is currently impossible to predict accurately which lesions will progress. Although most oral pathologists recognize and accept the criteria for grading epithelial dysplasia based on architectural and cytological changes, there can be considerable interexaminer and intraexaminer variation in the assessment of the presence or absence and the grade of oral epithelial dysplasia. This article reviews the alterations, criteria, different grading systems and the markers used for assessing the malignant transformation of epithelial dysplasia.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be preceded by the appearance of lesions which have the potential either to develop into cancer or signal the development of cancer in the oral cavity. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the 8th most common cancer worldwide and found particularly in low income communities and mainly a problem of older men, 90% being in the 45-year-age group. Histologic grading has been used as a prognostic factor and for clinical evaluation of OSCC for the past several decades. At the same time, the prognostic value of different grading classifi cation remains controversial. So, in this article, we have reviewed the different grading system of oral squamous cell carcinoma and their prognostic value.
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