La connaissance des caractéristiques des systèmes de culture est un atout pour le développement du secteur agricole. C'est dans ce cadre que cette étude vise à identifier et à caractériser les systèmes de culture pratiqués par les producteurs de coton biologique au Bénin. Pour y parvenir, une enquête a été conduite sur un échantillon de 176 producteurs. L'analyse des données par la Classification Ascendante Hiérarchique a permis d'identifier les systèmes de culture. Leur caractérisation a été faite selon les pratiques culturales, le rendement, leur fréquence dans les Communes et les ethnies. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d'identifier quatre systèmes de culture du coton biologique : le système de culture mécanisée avec traction animale qui n'utilise pas de nouveaux paquets technologiques (S1) ; le système de culture manuelle qui utilise les légumineuses comme précédent cultural (S2) ; le système de culture mécanisée avec traction animale qui utilise de nouveaux paquets technologiques (S3) et le système de culture mécanisée avec traction animale qui utilise de nouveaux paquets technologiques mais qui continue avec la pratique de défrichement avec brûlis (S4). Les éléments permettant de distinguer les systèmes sont : préparation du terrain, rotation, précédents culturaux, engrais organiques, plantes insecticides, plantes pièges et cultures associées. Tous les producteurs enquêtés à Glazoué, Kandi et Sinendé ont pratiqué respectivement les systèmes de culture S2, S1 et S4. A Banikoara, 96,67% des producteurs ont pratiqué le système S3 contre 3,33% pour le système S1. Les producteurs de Ouassa-Péhunco pratiquaient à 77,78% le système S3 contre 22,22% pour le système S1. Les enquêtés des ethnies Adja, Fon et Mahi ont pratiqué à 100% le système S2. Par contre, tous les Haoussa et les Monkolé ont pratiqué le système S1. Les Gando, Peulh et Bariba ne pratiquaient pas spécifiquement un système. Le système de culture S2 a obtenu le rendement moyen le plus élevé (885,80 ± 36,3 kg/ha). En somme, les systèmes de culture varient selon les Communes et les ethnies. Le système S1 a été le plus pratiqué par les producteurs.
Cotton remains the main source of foreign exchange for Benin. This study aims to contribute to increased yield of organic cotton through the evaluation of the effectiveness of cashew balm as an alternative method of management of carpophagous pests of cotton. The experimental setup consists of Fisher Blocks with 6 objects in 4 repetitions. The objects compared are '' Unprocessed '', the Agri-bio-pesticide dosed at 1 l / ha, two concentrations (1% and 2%) of the hot and cold-extracted cashew balm. Linear mixed or fixed effects models and generalized linear models with mixed or fixed effects were used to determine the influence of the objects on the carpophagous larva and their damage in 2015 and 2016 in Thya to the north of Benin. The number of Helicoverpa armigera larva found in 30 plants ranged from 1.2 (Agri-biopesticide) to 2.3 (Untreated) in 2015. The percentages of green capsules with holes varied by 36.08% (Agri-bio-pesticide) at 53.68% (1% cold-extracted balm) in 2015. The percentages of ripe capsules with holes varied from 32.05% (hot-pressed balm at 2%) to 45.00% (Untreated) in 2016. Seed cotton yield ranged from 229.91 kg / ha (Untreated) to 500 kg / ha (Agri-biopesticide) in 2016. It is noted that Agri-bio-pesticide and the 2% dose of cashew balm, were more effective than that of 1%. The cashew balm is positioned as an alternative to biopesticides used in organic cotton farming.
Preservation of predators of crop pests is fundamental in management of crop pests. Botanical insecticides are increasingly used because of their limited effects on the pest auxiliaries. Oil from the seed of Thevetia peruviana and an bio-insecticide from Azadirachta indica called Top bio, were tested at Gobe in center of Benin for the assessment of their effects on predators of crop pests comparing two doses (1% and 2%) of Thevetia oil and two doses (2 l/ha and 3 l/ha) of Top bio to, a reference bio-pesticide called Agri-bio-pesticide at 1 l/ha and to a control treatment. A Fisher design with 6 objects and 4 repetitions were used. Linear and generalised linear mixed and fixed effects models were used to investigate the effect of objects on predators of crop pests enumerated on 30 plants per plot. The cotton plots treated with 1% of Thevetia The Top bio did not significantly reduce the number of spiders compared to the Agri-Bio-Pesticide and the control treatment. Additionally, the two doses of Thevetia oil did not significantly reduce the number of Chrysopes compared to the untreated control. For the most part, biopesticides did not significantly reduce the number of ladybugs, ants, Phonoctonus and mantis. These predators of crop pests can be effectively used like biocontrol agents in an integrated management strategy of crop pests using these biopesticides.
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