Tailoring the dye functionality by nanoparticle structures offers a new opportunity for a sustainable leather dyeing process in the way of an auxiliary free dyeing process irrespective of substrate charge. Encapsulated nanoparticles, which are nanocages from a polymeric silicalike material, have been widely exploited as a template to guide the fabrication of nanostructures, because of their homogenized particle size, easy functionalization, and preparation through a viable route. In this work, functional rich and pH stable dye-encapsulated nanostructured dyes were used as dyeing agents with commercial use in mind. Due to its uniform particle size (50 nm) and surface potential (−48.7 ± 1 mV) over different pH ranges, the fabricated dyeing system showed uniform penetration and fixation irrespective of the different stages of leather processing at different conditions. Thus, the integration of compatibility and ready absorption by proteins provides a practical way to resolve the problem of intensity variation and improper dyeing characteristics of an industrial scale dyeing system. A cost–benefit analysis was also done to study the economic viability of the newer dyeing system. Avoiding auxiliaries and using less dye makes this new dyeing system economically and environmentally beneficial as compared to tradition dyeing. These results demonstrate the flexibility of different dyes in nanoparticle encapsulation and provide new clues for the sustainable leather dyeing process.
The emerging field of nanotechnology aims at revolutionizing the industrial world via introducing nanobased material for coloring. In particular, silica-based colorant nanoparticles for coloring were developed, which show extraordinary performance in the coloring world with a self-fixing property. In this regard, the use of a nano-based prefunctionalized colorant, which possesses a perfect framed structure, is unexplored in the coloring world especially in leather coloring along with stabilization. Herein, we report the inclusion of an organic cationic colorant into silica matrices by a simple emulsion technique in an aqueous condition. Unique photophysical properties displayed by the colorant enable the development of a newer coloring method and excellent resistance to high optical and thermal conditions. In addition, the newer system does not require any pretreatment like acidification for fixing the colorant with a minimum amount of water usage. It penetrates and fixes into the matrix without any need of coloring auxiliaries, thereby cutting in half the environmental pollution load. Excellent stability from the new method of the silica-functionalized coloring system will not only reduce the environmental burden but also make the coloring process sustainable. It also highlights some noteworthy recent avenues in using nanometer-sized materials as coloring agents for processing fibrous matrices and also in coloring cellulose in textiles, keratin in hair dyeing, and emulsion in the paint industry. Finally, the developed nanoparticles containing silica-based colorant with superior coloring properties forms an important area of research with significant prospects for coloring applications.
Spherical nanoparticles with core-frame architecture are a viable route to combine multiple functionalities on a nanoscopic scale. Amongst these nanoparticles, metal polymeric hybrid nanostructures exhibit significantly enhanced stability. Synergistic catalytic responses arise from quasi perfect morphology and their unique interactions between the metal and reactant substrate. Core-frame silver supported silica nanoparticles (Ag@SiO 2 NPs) with different frame thicknesses were tailored in a controlled manner through an oversimplified environmentally friendly route using simple chemical additives instead of dendrimers as linkers for prior modification of AgNPs. Here the optical and thermal properties of Ag@SiO 2 NPs were studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).The resulting stabilised nature of Ag@SiO 2 NPs, their functionalization and environmental behaviour were analysed in detail through absorbance measurements. The control over the particle geometry provided an opportunity to utilise this hybrid NP as a temper for faster hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol with minimal reductant concentration (3 mM NaBH 4 ). The effect of the volume ratio of the hybrid catalyst with respect to thermal behaviour and their hydrogenation reaction time, average reaction rate and hybrid reusability were thoroughly investigated. The reported high performance towards faster hydrogenation was completed within 300 s at 25 C and 16 s at 60 C. The synergetic behaviour of core-frame morphology provides faster electron transfer for hydrogenation and enhanced thermal stability against poisonous environments.
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