Tailoring Nanostructured Dyes for Auxiliary Free Sustainable Leather Dyeing Application

Abstract

Tailoring the dye functionality by nanoparticle structures offers a new opportunity for a sustainable leather dyeing process in the way of an auxiliary free dyeing process irrespective of substrate charge. Encapsulated nanoparticles, which are nanocages from a polymeric silicalike material, have been widely exploited as a template to guide the fabrication of nanostructures, because of their homogenized particle size, easy functionalization, and preparation through a viable route. In this work, functional rich and pH stable dye-encapsulated nanostructured dyes were used as dyeing agents with commercial use in mind. Due to its uniform particle size (50 nm) and surface potential (−48.7 ± 1 mV) over different pH ranges, the fabricated dyeing system showed uniform penetration and fixation irrespective of the different stages of leather processing at different conditions. Thus, the integration of compatibility and ready absorption by proteins provides a practical way to resolve the problem of intensity variation and improper dyeing characteristics of an industrial scale dyeing system. A cost–benefit analysis was also done to study the economic viability of the newer dyeing system. Avoiding auxiliaries and using less dye makes this new dyeing system economically and environmentally beneficial as compared to tradition dyeing. These results demonstrate the flexibility of different dyes in nanoparticle encapsulation and provide new clues for the sustainable leather dyeing process.

Sucrose-Triggered, Self-Sustained Combustive Synthesis of Magnetic Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles and Efficient Removal of Malachite Green from Water

“…Waste dye discharge into water causes different environmental and health complications. 2 − 6 Hence, the need emerges to address the problem. Because of mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and carcinogenicity, dyes are poisonous to aquatic life.…”

Gallic acid-functionalized graphene hydrogel as adsorbent for removal of chromium (iii) and organic dye pollutants from tannery wastewater

“…[10][11][12] Besides the Cr(III) pollutant in the chrome tanning process, various cationic and anionic organic dyes that can combine with skin collagen through electrostatic interactions are also widely used in the subsequent dyeing process during leather making. 13,14 In addition, most of these organic dyes are aromatic, resulting in tannery wastewater contaminated with aromatic pollutants, which are not only harmful to humans but also toxic to microorganisms. [15][16][17] Indeed, tannery wastewater containing Cr(III) and organic dyes has become a serious environmental pollution, which has severely affected the sustainable development of the leather industry.…”

Utilization of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam extracts as natural dyes for sheepskins leather with different mordants

“…The color difference of leathers dyed with Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L flowers and Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam wood extracts were analyzed using a Chromameter CR-400. Color measurement was prepared according to the Commission Internationale de Eclairage (CIE) color measurement system with 100 standard observer data (Ramalingam & Jonnalagadda, 2017). The values L*, a*, b* were variables in the CIELAB color space and were described as follows.…”

“…More negative a* values implied more green and more positive a* values for more red. More negative values of b* meant more blue and more positive b* values for more yellow (Dave et al, 2016;Ramalingam & Jonnalagadda, 2017).…”