Objective
To determine the role of routine cervical Pap smears in detecting endometrial carcinomas.
Method
A retrospective study was carried out from the histopathology archives for cases diagnosed as endometrial carcinomas with Pap smears within 6 months before histological diagnosis. The demographic details, reports of Pap smears and other tumor parameters on histopathology were noted.
Results
We identified 380 of 482 cases of endometrial carcinoma with a documented Pap smear within 6 months before histopathogical diagnosis. Out of 380 cases, 187 cases (49.2%) had shown abnormalities on Pap smear of which 80 cases (42%) were diagnosed as atypical glandular cells and 78 cases (41.7%) were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. The presence of glandular abnormality on Pap smear significantly correlated with the tumor type, myometrial invasion and cervical involvement on histopathology (P < .05). Cases which had higher FIGO staging also had a higher detection rate on Pap smear (P < .05).
Conclusion
The Pap smear may help in detection of endometrial carcinoma especially in cases with type 2 endometrial carinomas, tumor with cervical involvement and/or advanced FIGO stage.
Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium, especially of enamel organ-type tissue that has not undergone differentiation to the point of hard tissue formation. Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare condition, accounting for 3-5% of all ameloblastoma cases. A 30-year-old female patient presented with the chief complaint of swelling at the right lower jaw region since 1 year. Orthopantomogram and computed tomography scan was suggestive of primary bone tumor. Histopathologically, diagnosis of granular cell ameloblastoma of right mandible was made.
Occurrence of carcinoid tumors in the esophagus is exceedingly rare. We present a case of an atypical carcinoid in the mid esophagus in a 56-year-old male, presenting with dysphagia. Esophagectomy was performed followed by postoperative chemotherapy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were carried out. The patient succumbed to liver and lung metastasis, 6 months after the initial diagnosis, highlighting the poor prognosis of the condition.
Ependymoma is a glioma with the differentiation toward ependymal cells that usually arise in the central nervous system. Primary ovarian ependymoma is a rare gynecologic malignancy, of which very few cases have been published. Here, we present the case of a 21-year-old woman who presented with a pelvic mass. Ultrasonography revealed a solid cystic mass in the left adnexa. The patient underwent left oophorectomy followed by cytoreductive completion surgery. On histopathological examination, a possibility of primary glial and neuronal tumor of the ovary was made. The final diagnosis of primary ependymoma of the ovary was arrived upon due to strong positivity for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100, along with positivity for pancytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor on immunohistochemistry. Although a rare diagnosis, when presented with an ovarian mass in a young patient, this diagnosis must be borne in mind.
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