In this research work, a maiden approach is made for the frequency control in an islanded AC Microgrid (MG) by considering a hybrid Whale Optimization Algorithm and Pattern Search (hWOA‐PS) algorithm based multi‐stage Proportional Integrator Derivative controller. A MG may be formed by combining some of the unique assets like renewable energy sources, wind electricity era, and the sun electricity irradiation. Variation in any of the source influences the system frequency, and thus frequency control issue in MG is always a challenge for the researchers. In light of these difficulties, this paper considers a multi‐stage PID controller for the secondary frequency control of the islanded MGs, and a novel hWOA‐PS algorithm is used to tune the controller parameters. The proposed hybrid controller is inspected on a MG test system, and the robustness and execution are assessed by considering different disturbances and parametric variations. In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid algorithm based multi‐stage Proportional Integrator Derivative controller, it is being compared with some conventional controllers like Integral (I), Proportional Integral (PI), and Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller.
A Simplified Grey Wolf Optimizer (SGWO) is suggested for resolving optimization tasks. The simplification in the original Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) method is introduced by ignoring the worst category wolves while giving priority to the better wolves during the search process. The advantage of the presented SGWO over GWO is a better solution taking less execution time and is demonstrated by taking unimodal, multimodal, and fixed dimension test functions. The results are also contrasted to the Gravitational Search Algorithm, the Particle Swarm Optimization, and the Sine Cosine Algorithm and this shows the superiority of the proposed SGWO technique. Practical application in a Distributed Power Generation System (DPGS) with energy storage is then considered by designing an Adaptive Fuzzy PID (AFPID) controller using the suggested SGWO method for frequency control. The DPGS contains renewable generation such as photovoltaic, wind, and storage elements such as battery and flywheel, in addition to plug-in electric vehicles. It is demonstrated that the SGWO method is superior to the GWO method in the optimal controller design task. It is also seen that SGWO based AFPID controller is highly efficacious in regulating the frequency compared to the standard PID controller. A sensitivity study is also performed to examine the impact of the unpredictability in the parameters of the investigated system on system performance. Finally, the novelty of the paper is demonstrated by comparing with the existing publications in an extensively used two-area test system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.