A hybrid stochastic fractal search and pattern search technique based cascade PI-PD controller for automatic generation control of multi-source power systems in presence of plug in electric vehicles

Padhy, Sasmita Kumari; Panda, Sidhartha

doi:10.1016/j.trit.2017.01.002

Cited by 148 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…[58][59][60] Then, through hot compression and mechanical cutting, the through-plane thermal conductivity coefficient of the POE/NG composites is markedly improved to be 13.27 W m −1 K −1 at an NG loading of 49.30 vol%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Route to Fabricate Highly Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Elastomeric POE/NG Composites for Thermal Management

Feng

Bai

Shao

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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Owing to the demand for directional heat dissipation, some technologies have been developed to fabricate polymer-based composites with anisotropic thermal conductivity, and it has been demonstrated that the anisotropic thermal conductivity of composites can be achieved by varying orientation of fillers. The orientation or directional alignment of fillers in the matrix by using the solution-based methods is an important strategy [18] such as vacuum filtration, [19][20][21][22] spin casting, [23] solution casting, [24,25] magnetic fields, [26] electric fields, [27] and self-assembly. [28][29][30][31] Zhao et al. [29] used self-organization strategy to align thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRG) sheets in poly(benzobisoxazole). The composites presented a thermally conductive anisotropy with a highly effective thermal conductivity of 50 W m −1 K −1 along the TRG aligning direction and the thermal conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the TRG alignment was very low. Kuang et al. [32] utilized two-roll milling to fabricate hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS)/silicon rubber composite sheets with anisotropic thermal conductivity, and the sheets showed higher thermal conductivity of 5.47 W m −1 K −1 in the orientating direction of BNNS.However, in many cases, the preferred direction to show a high thermal conductivity is not the direction in which the composites do have a high thermal conductivity. [33] Although many methods have been developed to fabricate polymer composite fibers, films, or sheets which have high in-plane thermal conductivity in the oriented direction of the fillers, [9,[34][35][36] a high thermal conductivity in the through-plane direction is more desired as the case in thermal interfacial materials (TIMs), thermal conduction greases, and thermal conduction electronic substrates. [37][38][39][40][41] It has been reported that the bulk thermal conductivity required for TIM should be larger than 4 W m −1 K −1 , which can only be satisfied by the thermal conductivity in the in-plane direction. [42] Yao et al. [43] used silver nanoparticles to decorate the fillers and to improve the through-plane thermal conductivity of BNNS/SiC nanowire bioinspired composite paper. However, the through-plane thermal conductivity of the composite paper was only 1.80 W m −1 K −1 when the filler content was as high as 90 wt%. Besides, magnetic field, electric field, and chemical vapor deposition can be used to align fillers in low-viscosity matrix fluids, but generally the alignment Highly anisotropic polyolefin elastomer (POE)/natural graphite (NG) composites with high through-plane thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical properties, in which NG sheet perfectly aligns along one direction, are prepared by two-roll milling, hot compression, and mechanical cutting. The through-plane thermal conductivity coefficient of POE/NG composites is markedly improved to be 13.27 W m −1 K −1 at an NG loading of 49.30 vol%. When the composite is used as a thermal management material, it shows excellent heat dissipatin...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Facile Route to Fabricate Highly Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Elastomeric POE/NG Composites for Thermal Management

Feng

Bai

Shao

et al. 2017

Adv Materials Inter

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“…The SEM and FTIR results indicated that the flame‐retardant mechanism of DPPM in RPUF was the forming of intact and continuous char layer on the surface of RPUF in thermal degradation of the composite, which prevented the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phases and effectively protected the substrate material from burning. These flame retardants can be extended for multifunctional polymer nanocomposites with an aim to broaden the applications of inert polymers especially in the form states in the fields such as electromagnetic interference shielding, energy storage and other sensing applications …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Wang

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

230

138

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A phosphorous-nitrogen intumescent flame-retardant, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol phosphoryl melamine (DPPM), was synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Flame-retardant rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) with DPPM (DPPM-RPUF) as fire-retardant additive were prepared. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical performance testing showed that DPPM exhibited a favorable compatibility with RPUF and negligibly negative influence on the mechanical properties of RPUF. The flame retardancy of DPPM on RPUF was investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test and cone calorimeter. The LOI of DPPM-RPUF could reach 29.5%, and a UL-94 V-0 rating was achieved, when the content of DPPM was 25 php. Furthermore, the DPPM-RPUF exhibited an outstanding water resistance that it could still obtain a V-0 rating after water soaking. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the residual weight of RPUF was relatively low, while the charring ability of DPPM-RPUF was improved greatly. Real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the thermo-oxidative degradation reactions of DPPM-RPUF. The results revealed that the flame-retardancy mechanism of DPPM in RPUF was based on the surface charred layer acting as a physical barrier, which slowed down the decomposition of RPUF and prevented the heat and mass transfer between the gas and the condensed phases. storage and electromagnetic interference shielding fields due to its high mechanical properties, insulated properties, etc. 1-4 However, one of its major defects is its flammability, which limits its further applications. 5,6 The improvement of the flame retardancy of RPUF has currently been an important subject among the developments of new polymer foam materials. 7,8 Traditionally, the main flame retardants for RPUF are the halogen-based compounds such as pentabromodiphenyl ether, chloroethylphosphate, etc, which may endow RPUF excellent flame retardation. 9 However, when burning, such retardants release a lot of toxic gases which pollute environment and damage people's health. 10-14 Thus, the environmentally-friendly flame-retardant additives with good flame retardancy are particularly needed. In recent years, the phosphorus-nitrogen intumescent flame retardants (IFR) have been widely used as halogen-free additives because they provide excellent fire protection with less smoke and lower toxicity. 15,16 Traditional IFRs are mixtures, which usually consist of an acid source (eg, ammonium polyphosphate), a carbonizing agent (eg, pentaerythritol, sorbitol) and a foaming agent (eg, melamine). The IFRs system usually experiences an intense expansion and forms protective charred layers that serve as a physical barrier to protect the underlying material from flux or flame. 14,15 In spite of many advantages, IFRs have 2 issues, ie, low water solubility and high thermal stability. 17 In addition, they are poorly compatible with the RPUF matrix, which weakens the mechanical properties of ...

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“…Futhermore, the MCPs could be used in as solar cell materials due to their electrical conductivity and adsorption of dyes. In addition, MCPs may also be used as a intelligent sensing materials in the future …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Preparation of Micro/Mesoporous Conjugated Polymers for Multifunctional Sensing and Separation Applications

et al. 2018

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Micro/mesoporous conjugated polymers (MCPs) incorporate fluorescence, adsorption, and electronic conductivity together were synthesized. In this paper, a family of MCPs was prepared by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling‐reaction using different building blocks. MCPs were studied by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid‐state 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (13CNMR) spectra, fluorescence spectra, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV‐vis), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The as‐prepared MCPs are of porous structure and fluorescence. The pore diameters and specific surface areas varied by changing the starting monomers. The MCPs could be linear chain and network structure depending on the starting monomers. The specific surface areas of network MCPs are larger than linear chain ones. The fluorescence MCPs could be employed as chemosensors for detection of metal ions. Also the MCPs could be used as adsorbent for separation of metal ions and organic dyes. The maximum absorption capacity of MCP‐4 for Fe3+ ions reached 152 mg/g within 30 min. Meanwhile, when MCPs were used for the removal of organic dyes, the adsorption capability of MCP‐4 reached 488 mg/g and 491 mg/g for methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine (RhB) within 30 min respectively. With the introduction of N, S atoms to the building blocks, the sensing and removal ability were enhanced. Furthermore, the MCP family owns electric conductivity which may be employed as solar cell materials.

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A hybrid stochastic fractal search and pattern search technique based cascade PI-PD controller for automatic generation control of multi-source power systems in presence of plug in electric vehicles

Cited by 148 publications

References 29 publications

A Facile Route to Fabricate Highly Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Elastomeric POE/NG Composites for Thermal Management

A Facile Route to Fabricate Highly Anisotropic Thermally Conductive Elastomeric POE/NG Composites for Thermal Management

Flame‐retardant rigid polyurethane foam with a phosphorus‐nitrogen single intumescent flame retardant

Facile Preparation of Micro/Mesoporous Conjugated Polymers for Multifunctional Sensing and Separation Applications

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