Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and a major health problem globally. Estimates suggest that in 2019, there were 63 million people in the world living with DM and that number is expected to rise to 578 million by 2030 and 700 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). In Indonesia, there are approximately 10.7 million people living with DM in 2019 and that number is predicted to rise to 13.7 million in 2030, and 16.6 million by 2045 (International Diabetes Federation, 2019). An increasing number of people with DM will lead to increasing numbers of DM-related complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and foot ulcers

The prevalence of degenerative diseases increases with age. Furthermore, various factors tend to trigger cells injury, thereby, causing inflammation. This study, therefore, aims to examine the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of steeping date seeds in middle age women. This is a quasi-experimental design with a pre- and post-test approach used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 2.5 g of steeped of date palm seed, consumed by 30 healthy middle-aged women per day (in 250 mL water) for 14 days. The final numbers (22 subjects) of recruited women were included in the statistical analysis. Their level of IL-1β, TGF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, COX-1, COX-2, and PGE2 were determined using ELISA. The results showed that the expression of IL-1β, TGF-β, COX-1, and COX-2 in women significantly decreased after consuming date palm seed. Steeped of date seed acts as an anti-inflammatory by downregulating the expression of key proinflammatory mediators.

Many toxic compounds in foods cause liver damage and disturbance of bodily function. Inflamma tion will precede liver damage as an initial response to poisoning. The inflammatory response depends heavily on the strength of the body's immune system. Many foods, drugs, and other compounds can decrease the immune system, but few serve as immunostimulants. This study aims to prove the decreasing of carbon tetra chloride toxicity using dateseed (Phoenix dactylifera L.) steeping to improve rat immunity. Methods: This was an experiment with pre and post test with a control group design. Wistar white rats were grouped into 6 groups, healthy control (HC), negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment dose 1 g/ kg (T1), treatment dose 3 g/kg (T3), and treatment dose 5 g/kg (T5). All of the groups were induced by CCL 4 before treatment except the HC group. The observed data were interleukin6 (IL6), lymphocyte count, and Creactive protein (CRP). Data from the groups were compared with an ANOVA test and followed by a post hoc test if a significant result was found. Results: The results showed that there were signifi cant differences between IL6, lymphocyte count, and CRP between HC and other groups that CCL 4 in duced. After the delivery of dateseed steeping, levels of IL6 and CRP decreased, and the lymphocyte count increased significantly. The group with the 5 g/ kg treatment dose was the most effective group for inhibiting the increase of IL6 and CRP, but a dose of 3 g/kg was the most effective to increase lymphocyte count. Conclusion: Dateseed steeping suppresses proin flammation mediators; it has a potency which improves cytokine proinflammation by inhibiting the inflamma tion process. Thus, date seed can be used as a cheap source of antiinflammation that can be considered as a health opportunity for developing countries.

No abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun desain pendidikan kewirausahaan mahasiswa yang dapat menciptakan dan mengembangkan technopreneur. Penelitian dilakukan di Universitas Riau. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi; kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan kewirausahaan berbasis technopreneurship memerlukan integrasi dan sinergi antara kewirausahaan dan akademik prodi/jurusan kedalam isi (materi), kegiatan, dan metode untuk membangun kompetensi kewirausahaan mahasiswa. Isi pendidikan kewirausahaan berupa materi yang disajikan, dibahas, dan dikembangkan dalam kegiatan, sedangkan kegiatan dan metodenya meliputi perkuliahan, pelatihan, pembinaan, dan lomba kewirausahaan, serta inkubasi bisnis. Perkuliahan kewirausahaan untuk menciptakan kompetensi kewirausahaan dasar (memiliki pola pikir dan kemampuan menciptakan pekerjaan), pelatihan dilaksanakan untuk menumbuhkan kompetensi kewirausahaan menengah (menyusun proposal usaha yang layak), sedangkan pembinaan dan inkubasi bisnis untuk mengembangkan kompetensi kewirausahaan lanjut (menjalankan/mengembangkan usaha). Status mata kuliah kewirausahaan perlu ditingkatkan menjadi mata kuliah wajib. Pendidikan kewirausahaan diprogramkan dan dilaksanakan oleh unit kewirausahaan berdasar Keputusan Rektor.

Purpose: To study the anti-inflammatory properties and mechanism of action of date seed extract in carrageenan-induced edema in rats. Methods: In this study with a pre-and post-test control group design, 30 Wistar rats were divided into six groups: Groups C1, C2, and C3 (given 1, 3, and 5 g/kg of soaked date seeds, respectively); positive control (PC, positive control given dexamethasone, 0.5 mg/kg dose), negative control (NC, edema induced by carrageenan), and healthy control (HC, no treatment). In groups C1-3, PC, and NC, carrageenan was administered intraperitoneally prior to date seed, PC and NC treatments. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-12 were measured before and immdiate;y after treatment and compared between the groups. Results: Steeped date seed modulated inflammatory mediators by decreasing IL-1β, COX-1, COX-2, IL-12, and PGE-2 significantly (p < 0.05). Its indicated that the steeped date seeds down-regulate proinflammatory mediators in a manner similar to that of dexamethasone as positive control. Conclusion: Steeped date seeds possess anti-inflammatory activity similar to that of dexamethasone, through a mechanism involving decreases in pro-inflammatory mediators. Thus, date seeds is a potential source of herbal anti-inflammatory therapy.

No abstract

Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara tropis yang kaya akan berbagai tumbuhan dan mikroorganisme. Beberapa mikroorganisme memiliki kemampuan untuk menghasilkan enzim inulinase yang sangat bermanfaat untuk industri pangan dan farmasi. Inulinase adalah enzim yang menghidrolisis inulin menjadi fruktosa atau frukto-oligosakarida. Untuk mengisolasi inulinase dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak dari tumbuhan cukup sulit, oleh sebab itu inulinase mikrobial merupakan obyek penelitian yang sangat menarik bagi para peneliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah isolasi dan indentifikasi berbagai jenis jamur lokal yang potensial menghasilkan inulinase, serta isolasi dan pemurnian inulinase dari A. flavus Gmn11.2 galur lokal. Mikroorganisme A. flavus Gmn11.2 galur lokal dikembangbiakan pada media fermentasi skala labu 250 mL, yang mengandung induser inulin selama 84 jam pada suhu 37 o C. Enzim inulin (ekstraselular) yang diproduksi selanjutnya diisolasi dan dimurnikan melalui tahapan fraksionasi amonium sulfat pada rentang kejenuhan 40-80%, kromatografi kolom filtrasi Gel Sephadex G-25 (100 × 2 cm), kromatografi kolom penukar ion DEAE selulosa (20 × 1,6 cm), dengan elusi gradien 0,01-0,1 M buffer natrium fosfat pada laju alir 3 mL/menit. Enzim murni hasil isolasi kemudian ditentukan kondisi optimum aktivitas serta parameter kinetikanya. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari berbagai mikroorganisme yang memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan enzim inulinase dengan aktivitas yang tinggi adalah Aspergillus clavatus (BG5), Fusarium solani (PB3), Fusarium sp2 (LB2), dan A. flavus (ML2). Setelah melalui tahapan kromatografi penukar ion, diperoleh enzim inulinase yang cukup murni yang ditandai dengan intensitas pita hasil SDS elektroforesis, dengan peningkatan faktor kemurnian 15,66 kali dibandingkan dengan ekstrak enzim kasar. Adapun aktivitas enzim inulinase hasil isolasi dari A. flavus Gmn11.2 galur lokal, bekerja pada kondisi optimum: pH 5,0, suhu 50°C dan waktu inkubasi 4 jam. Parameter kinetika enzimatik dari inulinase diperoleh harga K M 33 mg/L dan V maks 1,8 x 10 -3 µmol/menit. Dari hasil elektroforesis SDS poliakrilamida menunjukkan enzim inulinase dari A. flavus Gmn11.2 galur lokal, memiliki berat molekul (Mr) 138 kDa, terdiri dari dua sub-unit polipeptida (dimer) dengan Mr masing-masing 72 dan 66 kDa. Kata kunci: Inuliase, frukto-oligosakarida, A. flavus Gmn11.3, A. clavatus, Fusarium sp2 Abstract: Indonesia is a tropical country rich in the variety of plants and microorganisms. Some microorganisms have the ability to produce the inulinase enzyme which is very beneficial to food and pharmaceutical industry. Inulinase enzyme hydrolyzes inulin to form fructose or fructo-oligosaccharide. It is difficult to isolate the inulinase in large quantitiy from plants. Therefore, microbial inulinase is a very interesting research objects for researchers. The purpose of this research were to isolate and identify various types of local potential inulinase producing fungus, as well as the isolation and purification of inulinase from