Decreasing Carbon Tetrachloride Toxicity using Date-seed (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Steeping in Rats

Abstract

Many toxic compounds in foods cause liver damage and disturbance of bodily function. Inflamma tion will precede liver damage as an initial response to poisoning. The inflammatory response depends heavily on the strength of the body's immune system. Many foods, drugs, and other compounds can decrease the immune system, but few serve as immunostimulants. This study aims to prove the decreasing of carbon tetra chloride toxicity using dateseed (Phoenix dactylifera L.) steeping to improve rat immunity. Methods: This was an experiment with pre and post test with a control group design. Wistar white rats were grouped into 6 groups, healthy control (HC), negative control (NC), positive control (PC), treatment dose 1 g/ kg (T1), treatment dose 3 g/kg (T3), and treatment dose 5 g/kg (T5). All of the groups were induced by CCL 4 before treatment except the HC group. The observed data were interleukin6 (IL6), lymphocyte count, and Creactive protein (CRP). Data from the groups were compared with an ANOVA test and followed by a post hoc test if a significant result was found. Results: The results showed that there were signifi cant differences between IL6, lymphocyte count, and CRP between HC and other groups that CCL 4 in duced. After the delivery of dateseed steeping, levels of IL6 and CRP decreased, and the lymphocyte count increased significantly. The group with the 5 g/ kg treatment dose was the most effective group for inhibiting the increase of IL6 and CRP, but a dose of 3 g/kg was the most effective to increase lymphocyte count. Conclusion: Dateseed steeping suppresses proin flammation mediators; it has a potency which improves cytokine proinflammation by inhibiting the inflamma tion process. Thus, date seed can be used as a cheap source of antiinflammation that can be considered as a health opportunity for developing countries.

Anti-inflammatory effect of date seeds (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L) on carrageenan-induced edema in rats

“…It has been shown that PGE-2 is a potent inhibitor of IFN-γ and IL-2, and it increases intracellular cAMP by suppressing the production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2. Indeed, PGE-2 analogs (e.g., cicaprost and treprostinil) inhibit the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1α, and IL-6 [21]. The findings of this study supports previous research conducted on broiler chickens.…”

“…Date seed supplementation acts as immune-stimulant by increasing the levels of IL-2 and IFN-γ [25]. In another study, the administration of dried date extract to mice improved immunity mediated by T and B lymphocytes [21].…”

“…Some cytokines work synergistically (e.g. IL-1 and TNF-α, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and IL-1β and IL-6) [21]. Therefore, the inhibition of one component can stop the synergy and reduce the severity of diseases.…”

“…Therefore, the inhibition of one component can stop the synergy and reduce the severity of diseases. Phenolic compounds inhibit the expression of IL-1β, and a recent study showed that steeped date seeds decreased IL-6 levels [21].…”

Dietary supplementation of Phoenix dactylifera L. seeds decreases pro-inflammatory mediators in CCl4-induced rats

“…However, the use of steeped date seeds for improving one's health status has not been studied. Flavonoids in steeped dates increase antioxidant levels (13,14) and improve lipid profiles (15). The essential compounds in date seeds are thought to function as immunostimulants that enhance the body's immune system, though the exact mechanism of this immunostimulation is unclear.…”