To observe the expression of Cyclin D in transition of normal oral mucosa to dysplastic lesions and to find out the possible association of immunostaining in normal oral mucosa and different grades of oral dysplasia METHODOLOGY: In this cross sectional analytical study, total of 120 diagnosed paraffin embedded blocks were included comprising of 60 samples of normal oral mucosa (Group 1) and 60 cases of various grades of oral epithelial dysplastic lesions (Group 2). Patient's record files were reviewed for age, gender and tobacco habits. Immunohistochemistry was performed by using Cyclin D monoclonal antibodies on all the tissue samples. Staining with Cyclin D was observed in each of the cases to find out their possible association as early indicator of transition from normal mucosa to oral dysplasia. RESULTS: In Group 1, 45/60 (75%) patients were negative for Cyclin D. In Group 2, 40/60 (66%) were negative for Cyclin D. We found non significant association for Cyclin D staining in transition of normal oral mucosa to low grade lesions. But significant association was found in Cyclin D positivity in transition from normal mucosa to high grade dysplastic lesions. CONCLUSION: We found no association of Cyclin D as diagnostic marker between normal and early dysplastic lesions, but the expression for Cyclin D was shown to be increased with increasing irreversible grades of dysplasia ie: from normal oral mucosa to severe dysplasia.
Objective: To find out the pattern of tobacco use practices and the effects of chewable tobacco and other forms of tobacco use on oral mucosa. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and duration of study: Study was started from 1 July 2018 to 31 December 2018 and was conducted at Maxillofacial surgery OPD, Isra Dental Hospital. Materials and Methods: Samples of leukoplakia, erythroplakia or growth in oral cavity were collected from Maxillofacial surgery OPD. After taking detailed history including chewable tobacco habits, biopsy was taken and then results were analyzed by using SPSS version 22.0.The categorical data were expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages. The Chi square test was used to determine the association of different variables. Results: Majority of the patients were found to have naswaar addiction followed by gutka, smoking, areca nut, mainpuri and paan. Most of the patients i.e., 59% with oral lesions were having basic education at primary level and belonged to middle class monthly income category 35(39.77%) followed by low monthly income 28(31.8%).We noted significant association between various oral habits of tobacco use and biopsy reports and oral squamous cell carcinoma was observed as the common findings among study population. Conclusion: We have reached to the conclusion that in our region chewable tobacco is most common and significantly associated with risk of development of oral lesions and subsequent oral squamous cell carcinoma
Objectives: To determine the status of ALK immunostaining in female breast cancer and to find out the relationship of ALK expression with clinicopathological variables. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology Al Tibri Medical College and Hospital Karachi and BMSI Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Period: October 2016 to March 2017. Material & Methods: Total of 110 female cases with breast carcinoma by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. After taking informed consent from the patients, tissue samples were taken from received specimen of mastectomy for hematoxylin and eosin stain. The immunohistochemistry for ALK was assessed by using a DAKO monoclonal antibody using the paraffin embedded blocks of the diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma. Chi square test was used to find out the significance of differences among the variables. Results: Total of 110 cases with different histological classifications of breast cancer were observed i-e invasive ductal carcinoma 95(86%), invasive lobular carcinoma 9(8%), invasive medullary carcinoma 4(3.6%) and papillary carcinoma 2(1.8%). ALK expression was positive in 71(64%) and negative in 39 (35%) patients. Significant association was observed between ALK expression with histological grade (p=0.003), lymph node involvement (p=0.042) and skin involvement (p=0.025). Conclusion: Present study shows higher positive ALK expressions. Present study also indicates significant relationship of ALK with histological grade, lymph node involvement and skin involvement.
Introduction/Objectives: The affiliation between decreased vitamin D and obesity is well built up. Females with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) are more prone to gain weight. Obese women's low calcifediol levels are impacted by diets and inactive lifestyles. The study focused to discover out the relationship between vitamin D and obesity in premenstrual syndrome females. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: OPD-Gynecology, Liaquat University of Medical &Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro and Hyderabad in collaboration with Physiology Department LUMHS Jamshoro and Diagnostic and Research lab Hyderabad. Materials & Methods: Two hundred fifty (250) females between15-45 years with a history of PMS were selected for this study. Information was collected on marital status, vitamin D3 levels, PMS intensity, and BMI. The Chi-square test compared the vitamin D levels with BMI and PMS scores. Results: Mean age of the patients was 29.89±5.206 years. 64.8% of patients were married. 42.8% had normal weight and 40.8%were obese. 35.2% of patients had mild PMS scores and 36.4% had extreme PMS. 61.2% of patients had vitamin D lack with only 4.8% having adequate serum vitamin D levels. 22.8% of normal-weight patients had inadequate serum vitamin D levels. 35.6% of obese patients had vitamin insufficiency in their blood. The relationship between obesity and vitamin D levels was significant (P-value: 0.001). 18.8% of patients who had mild PMS scores had deficient serum vitamin D levels. The relationship between PMS scores and vitamin D levels was remarkable (P-value: 0.001). Practical implication The advantages of 25(OH) D supplementation/repletion on bone health are well known. Although there is a biological plausibility linking the status of vitamin D and obesity supported by basic and clinical research findings, basic research is necessary to know the molecular pathways involved in this association. Also this study will help the community to decrease the PMS symptoms by taking vitamin D supplements. Those females who take the vit D prior their PMS stage will be prevented from severe symptoms. Conclusion: We found a significant, inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and BMI, showing that losing weight through vitamin D and calcium-enriched diets may result in typical vitamin D levels, and so PMS may be treated. Keywords: Vitamin D (Vit D), Premenstrual Syndrome, body-mass index (BMI), obesity, women
Objective: To compare the retention rate of giomer and compomer in Class V restorations in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Materials and methods: In this experimental study patients with non-carious cervical lesions were divided in to two groups (Group A and B). In group A (n=60), restoration was done with Giomer type of material and in group B (n=60) Compomer type of material was used for filling by the same operator. Cvar & Ryge Criteria were used to evaluate the retention of both materials as: Alpha (restoration fully retained), Bravo (restoration partially retained) and Charlie (restoration completely missing) at follow-ups 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th months. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Results: Males were 72% and females were 28%. The Mean age was 30.62 ±3.89 ranges from 13–85 years. Charlie score was observed at 5th and 6th months. The comparison between Giomer and Compomer at follow-up of 1st, 2nd, 4rd, 4th, 5th and 6th showed no statistical difference. Conclusion: Giomer and compomer both have same retention rate in clinical trials.
Introduction/Objectives: The affiliation between decreased vitamin D and obesity is well built up. Females with Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) are more prone to gain weight. Obese women's low calcifediol levels are impacted by diets and inactive lifestyles.The studyfocused to discover out the relationship between vitamin D and obesity in premenstrual syndrome females. Materials & Methods: Two hundred fifty (250) females between15-45 yearswith a history of PMS were selected from OPD-Gynecology, Liaquat University of Medical&Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro and Hyderabad in collaboration with Physiology Department LUMHS Jamshoro and samples were analyzed in Diagnostic and Research lab Hyderabad. Information was collected on marital status, vitamin D3 levels, PMS intensity, and BMI. The Chi-square test compared the vitamin D levels with BMI and PMS scores. Results: Mean age of the patients was 29.89±5.206 years. 64.8% of patients were married. 42.8% had normal weight and 40.8%were obese. 35.2% of patients had mild PMS scores and 36.4% had extreme PMS. 61.2% of patients had vitamin D lack with only 4.8% having adequate serum vitamin D levels. 22.8% of normal-weight patients had inadequate serum vitamin D levels. 35.6% of obese patients had vitamin insufficiency in their blood. The relationship between obesity and vitamin D levels was significant (P-value: 0.001). 18.8% of patients who had mild PMS scores had deficient serum vitamin D levels. The relationship between PMS scores and vitamin D levels was remarkable (P-value: 0.001). Conclusion: We found a significant, inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and BMI, showing that losing weight through vitamin D and calcium-enriched diets may result in typical vitamin D levels, and so PMS may be treated. Keywords: Vitamin D (Vit D),Premenstrual Syndrome, body-mass index(BMI)
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