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Globally, it is being observed that for social and economic growth of a country, urbanization, industrialization, and exploitation of natural resources play a major role, resulting in atmospheric pollution by generation of huge amount of solid wastes. They are discarded being hazardous and unwanted, which is neither liquid nor gas, in our surroundings contributing a lot to environmental contamination, causing serious ill effects on human / animal health, destroying aesthetic beauty etc. This review discusses the sources, causes, characteristics; key categories of solid wastes and their ill effects on the atmosphere, society, human being & animals and suggested management, which has already attained high importance worldwide. It is well embedded within the Sustainable Development Goals and their Management would certainly help in boosting the economy in many ways.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles gained the attention of researchers due to their physical and chemical properties. Antimicrobial activity is an important factor to focus on these metal oxide nanoparticles. Zinc is an important micronutrient for plants and humans. The deficiency of Zinc in crops is a big problem worldwide, which indirectly affects humans. Large amounts of inorganic fertilizers creating environmental problems along with health issues. To overcome these problems researchers are focusing on the development of nano fertilizers with additional benefits. Green method based synthesis of metal oxides is an ecofriendly and cost-effective method. In this review article, we discussed the current status of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their applications, especially in the agriculture sector.

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Extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by fungus Aspergillus niger which was isolated from waste water is being reported in the present paper. The production of silver nanoparticles was evidenced by UV-Vis spectrum, showing the absorbance between 260 to 400 nm. The nanoparticles characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibited silver nanoparticles with diameter of 25nm to 75nm. Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis reveals strong signals in the silver region and confirms the formation of the silver nanoparticles. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy study confirmed that the A. niger mycomass has the ability to perform both reduction and capping functions on the silver nanoparticles. Compound Microscopy confirms the self-assembling property of silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles showed remarkable antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains. Reduction of silver ions is an extracellular and rapid process; this information may lead to the development of easy protocols for biosynthesis of the silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles is important for the development of effective antibacterial agent against those bacteria who are showing resistance against antibiotic drugs which are available in market.