Zinc oxide nanoparticles gained the attention of researchers due to their physical and chemical properties. Antimicrobial activity is an important factor to focus on these metal oxide nanoparticles. Zinc is an important micronutrient for plants and humans. The deficiency of Zinc in crops is a big problem worldwide, which indirectly affects humans. Large amounts of inorganic fertilizers creating environmental problems along with health issues. To overcome these problems researchers are focusing on the development of nano fertilizers with additional benefits. Green method based synthesis of metal oxides is an ecofriendly and cost-effective method. In this review article, we discussed the current status of zinc oxide nanoparticles and their applications, especially in the agriculture sector.
The present study was focused on, extraction, characterization of pectin from different parts of Aegle Marmelos (Bael) fruit such as Pulp, Shell and Seed by using two different acids i.e. HCl and H2SO4 on dry and wet basis and the comparative analysis were also performed of various parameters. The percentage yield of the extracted pectin was found to be slightly higher by using HCl. Physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity and functional group analysis were carried out of the extracted pectin. In the present study the %yield of Bael seed pectin was found to be higher as compare to Bael pulp pectin and Bael shell pectin. The equivalent weight, methoxyl content, total AUA, degree of esterification (on dry basis) of Bael Pulp, shell and seed pectin was found to be 1119.52 ± 14.57, 1095 ± 13.94 and 1071.53 ± 13.35, 7.25 ± 0.10%, 6.77 ± 0.03% and 7.39 ± 0.07%, 56.9 ± 0.81%, 54.56 ± 0.35% and 58.43 ± 0.60%, 72.37 ± 0.03, 70.53 ± 0.22 and 71.88 ± 0.05 respectively. The moisture content and ash content of Bael Pulp, Shell and Seed pectin was found to be 10.23 ± 0.52%, 8.33 ± 2.08% and 9.9 ± 0.99% and 6.77 ± 0.5%, 7 ± 1.01% and 6.55 ± 0.83% respectively which was in the acceptance range of purity. The functional group of extracted pectin was determined by FTIR spectral analysis. Extracted Bael pulp pectin demonstrated higher antioxidant activity with IC50 10.6 µg/ml as compare to Bael seed pectin (33.47µg/ml) and Bael shell pectin (53.08µg/ml). Total phenolic content of bael pulp pectin also found to be maximum (43.5 mg GAE/g) in comparison with Bael seed pectin (33.5 mg GAE/g) and bael shell pectin (23.5 mg GAE/g). These results suggest that various parts of bael fruit is having good quality of pectin and can be utilize as functional ingredient in biomedical and nutraceutical compounds.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.