Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium and Its Microbial Detoxification Through Bioremediation

Chaturvedi, Sarika; Khare, Aradhana; Khurana, Shruti

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-5901-3_25

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 86 publications

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“…Cr can be generally accepted as a combination of four steady isotopes namely, Cr-52 (83.76%), Cr-53 (9.55%), Cr-50 (4.31%), and Cr-54 (2.38%). Cr is extensively utilised in diversified manufacturing processes that resulted in the generation of huge volumes of Cr-containing wastewater from industries such as electroplating, tanning, metallurgy, dyestuff, and leather tanning and consequently becomes one of the most abundant pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Reduction of Cr(VI): Operational Challenges and Feasibility

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review Hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), and trivalent chromium, Cr(III), are two chromium compounds with practical importance due to their high occurrence and solubility in the environment. Current Cr(VI) treatment techniques involve chemical reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which posed serious threat to workers and environment notably from long exposure and toxic fumes.Recent Findings Numerous reports have demonstrated the feasibility of using biological processes for the treatment of Cr(VI) industrial effluents by either pure culture or a consortium of Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria, with various degrees of success. Among issues to be considered include high cost of nutrient for the bacteria, low Cr resistant-reducing ability of environmental isolates, difficulty in scaling up finding in the laboratory to pilot scale and on-site application as well as the understanding on the dynamic underlying mechanisms for bacterial Cr(VI) reduction. Summary This review highlights cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of Cr(VI), which form the biggest motivation for continuous development in the field of Cr(VI) treatment technologies, latest finding in aerobic and anaerobic bacterial reduction of Cr(VI), operational challenges for bacterial Cr(VI) reduction, and some examples for laboratory-scale and pilot-scale evaluation of free and immobilized (biofilm) cells of Cr(VI) resistant-reducing bacteria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Reduction of Cr(VI): Operational Challenges and Feasibility

et al. 2021

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Microbial electrochemical Cr(VI) reduction in a soil continuous flow system

Beretta,

Sangalli,

Sezenna

et al. 2024

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Microbial electrochemical technologies represent innovative approaches to contaminated soil and groundwater remediation and provide a flexible framework for removing organic and inorganic contaminants by integrating electrochemical and biological techniques. To simulate in situ microbial electrochemical treatment of groundwater plumes, this study investigates Cr(VI) reduction within a bioelectrochemical continuous flow (BECF) system equipped with soil‐buried electrodes, comparing it to abiotic and open‐circuit controls. Continuous‐flow systems were tested with two chromium‐contaminated solutions (20–50 mg Cr(VI)/L). Additional nutrients, buffers, or organic substrates were introduced during the tests in the systems. With an initial Cr(VI) concentration of 20 mg/L, 1.00 mg Cr(VI)/(L day) bioelectrochemical removal rate in the BECF system was observed, corresponding to 99.5% removal within nine days. At the end of the test with 50 mg Cr(VI)/L (156 days), the residual Cr(VI) dissolved concentration was two orders of magnitude lower than that in the open circuit control, achieving 99.9% bioelectrochemical removal in the BECF. Bacteria belonging to the orders Solirubrobacteriales, Gaiellales, Bacillales, Gemmatimonadales, and Propionibacteriales characterized the bacterial communities identified in soil samples; differently, Burkholderiales, Mycobacteriales, Cytophagales, Rhizobiales, and Caulobacterales characterized the planktonic bacterial communities. The complexity of the microbial community structure suggests the involvement of different microorganisms and strategies in the bioelectrochemical removal of chromium. In the absence of organic carbon, microbial electrochemical removal of hexavalent chromium was found to be the most efficient way to remove Cr(VI), and it may represent an innovative and sustainable approach for soil and groundwater remediation. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–17. © 2024 The Author(s). Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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