The petals of Rosa rugosa and allied plants for medicinal use contain abundant hydrolysable tannins, and they show remarkable biological activities. The activities are dependent on the structures of the hydrolysable tannins, so their contents and compositions are essential for evaluation of medicinal potency. Therefore, we optimized the simultaneous quantitative determination of the hydrolysable tannins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. A column of ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH) phenyl (C(6) alkyl phenyl group as solid-phase modification) was shown to be most effective for the separation of hydrolysable tannins isolated from R. rugosa and related compounds when the column temperature was kept under 25 degrees C. The efficacy of the BEH phenyl column might be due to the interaction between solid phase and phenolic ester groups of hydrolysable tannins such as galloyl, hexahydroxydiphenoyl and valoneoyl groups. The relation between the retention times on the BEH phenyl column and the column temperature was demonstrated to depend on the structural characteristics of hydrolysable tannins.
Obesity, an intractable metabolic disease, currently has no medical treatment without side effects, so studies have been actively carried out to find natural compounds that have anti-obesity activity with minimum side effects. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of water extracts of seven Capsicum annuum L. varieties being Putgochu (Pca), Oyee gochu (Oca), Kwari putgochu (Kca), Green pepper (Gca), Yellow paprika (Yca), Red paprika (Rca) and Cheongyang gochu (Cca), were examined through the evaluation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression level in 3T3-L1 cells (mouse pre-adipocytes). After capsaicin elimination by chloroform defatting, freeze-dried powder of Cca was treated to 3T3-L1 cells and anti-obesity effects were examined by determining the LPL mRNA level using the RT-PCR method. Of the primary fractions, only proven fractions underwent secondary and tertiary refractionating to determine anti-obesity effects. From seven different Capsicum annuum L., there was a significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level of 50.9% in Cca treatment compared to the control group. A significant decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level was shown in primary fractions (Fr) 5 (36.2% decrease) and 6 (30.5% decrease) of the Cca water extracts. Due to the impurities checked by UPLC chromatography, Fr 5 and 6 were refractionated to determine the LPL mRNA expression level. Treatment of Fr 6-6 (35.8% decrease) and Fr 5-6 (35.3% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. When analyzed using UPLC, major compounds of Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 were very similar. Subsequently, we refractionated Fr 6-6 and Fr 5-6 to isolate the major peak for structure elucidation. Treatment of Fr 5-6-1 (26.6% decrease) and Fr 6-6-1 (29.7% decrease) showed a significant decrease in the LPL mRNA expression level. Consequently, the fractions may have a possibility to ameliorate obesity through the decrease of the LPL mRNA expression level.
The 50% aqueous ethanol extracts of petals of Rosa gallica collected in Xinjiang province, China, exhibited potent inhibitory effects against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. As the active principles, seven hydrolysable tannins were isolated from this species for the first time and elucidated by NMR and ESI-TOF-MS analysis. Quantitative analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that the contents of these hydrolysable tannins were 3-5% of the dry weight of the petals, and the hydrolysable tannins must be related to the medicinal utilization of this species.
A simple and convenient method was established for simultaneous quantitative determination of piperine and piperlonguminine in dried fruits of Piper longum and allied plants. The average content of piperine in P. longum (18.26 mg/g, range 12.05-33.23 mg/g) was about one half that of P. nigrum (40.09 mg/g, range 29.57-54.23 mg/g), but the content of piperlonguminine in P. longum was in the range of 0.42-1.82 mg/g, and the average content of piperlonguminne (0.91 mg/g) was about seven times higher than that in P. nigrum (0.13 mg/g). A sample of P. longum from Vietnam and a sample of P. retrofractum collected in Ishigaki, Japan, showed high contents of piperine and piperlonguminine. On the other hand, a sample of P. betle collected in Taiwan showed low content of piperine, and piperlonguminine was not detected.
Mei-gui hua has been used as a crude drug in traditional medicine and as herbal tea in China. The scientific name of Mei-gui is Rosa rugosa thunb. However, the morphological characteristics and botanical ecology of Mei-gui were different from those of R. rugosa. Since the botanical origins of Mei-gui cultivated in China have not yet been clarified, we compared Mei-gui and R. rugosa in terms of their morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analysis, and phytochemical studies. Our research suggested that Mei-gui cultivated around Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Province showed homology to Rosa gallica, while those cultivated in the northeastern parts of China are considered to be hybrids of R. rugosa.
In Xinjiang Province, the westernmost part of China, the Uygur people have a custom to take herbal tea made from the blossom and petals of a species of rose for the treatment of diabetes [1]. The Chinese name of the rose is "Mei-gui," which is cultivated around the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang Province. The scientific name of the rose has been assigned as Rosa rugosa, but many of its characteristics are different from R. rugosa, a rose naturally grown in the coastal area of northeast Asia including Japan, Korea, and China. Our studies on the rose using morphological, phylogenetic, and phytochemical methods revealed that the rose was identical to Rosa gallica [2]. In phytochemical studies, the contents of flavonol glycosides in R. gallica were higher than those in other species of the genus Rosa called "Mei-gui" in China, Korea, and Japan. In the course of our studies on the flavonoid composition in the petals of R. gallica, we isolated two galloylated flavonol glucosides. In this paper, we report the structures and antioxidant activities of these compounds.The MeOH-H 2 O soluble fractions of the EtOH-H 2 O extract of R. gallica petals were fractionated using a column of MCl gel eluted with the solvent system H 2 O-MeOH-acetone, and five fractions were obtained. The fractions obtained by stepwise gradient with H 2 O-MeOH contained flavones with different degrees of galloylation. Fractions 1 and 2 eluted with 90 and 80% H 2 O, respectively, contain two galloylated flavonoids (compounds 1 and 2, respectively) and were isolated by repeated chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and on a reversed phase column using Wakosil 40C 18 .In the 1 H NMR spectrum of compound 1, two meta-coupled signals were observed at G 6.15 and 6.32, and three signals due to 1,3,4-trisubstituted benzene ring protons at 7.56, 7.51, and 6.82. Moreover, an anomeric proton of a sugar moiety was observed at 5.73 (d, J = 7.9) together with six signals of sugar protons at 5.11-3.33, and the coupling constants of these signals indicated the presence of glucose. The specific optical rotation of 1 also indicated the presence of the E-D-glucosyl moiety. In the 1 H-1 H COSY spectrum, the cross peaks of sugar protons were confirmed, but the signal of the H-2cc proton of the glucosyl moiety was observed down field at G 5.11. This indicated that the hydroxyl group at the C-2cc position of glucose was acylated. The molecular weight of compound 1 and the signal of two proton singlets at G 7.12 implied the presence of the galloyl group at C-2cc of glucose. The signals at G 167. 8, 146.3, 139.2, 121.0, and 110.6 in the 13 C NMR spectrum also supported the presence of a galloyl group. These data indicated the presence of quercetin [3], the glycosyl unit [4], and the galloyl group. In the HMBC spectrum, H-1cc (G 5.73) of the glycosyl moiety showed a correlation with the signal of C-3 (G 134.9) of quercetin. The carbonyl carbon (G 167.8) of the galloyl moiety also showed correlations with H-2cc (G 5.11) and H-2ccc (7.12). Comparing these data with the literature [5, 6], we...
It has been well elucidated that excessive body weight could related to various diseases, for example cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus.. We have investigated water extract of green pepper stimulating hormene‐sensitive lipase activity in adipose tissue. In order to find effective compound from green pepper, we subfractionated water extract of green pepper by using columns packed with sephadex LH20 and MCI CHP‐20. Subfractions were checked by UPLC and hormene‐sensitive lipase activity was also investigated.
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