This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Mohamad, S., Cahill, R. and Fusco, V. (2014), Performance enhancement of a wideband spiral antenna using a stepped ground plane. Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett.,, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/mop.28156/abstract This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving.
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ABSTRACTThis study presents the use of a stepped ground plane as a means to increase the gain and front-toback ratio of an Archimedean spiral which operates in the frequency range 3 -10 GHz. The backing structure is designed to optimize the antenna performance in discrete 1 GHz bands by placing each of the 8 metal steps one quarter wavelength below the corresponding active regions of the spiral.Simulated and experimental results show that this type of ground plane can be designed to enhance the antenna performance over the entire 105% operating bandwidth of the spiral.
Smart street light is an intelligent control of street lights to optimize the problem of power consumption of the street , late in night. Currently, usual street lights are automatically turn on when it becomes dark and turn off when it becomes bright. This is huge waste of energy in the entire world as it is an essential community service, but current implementation is not efficient. Conventional street lights are being replaced by Light Emitting Diode (LED) street lighting system, which reduces the power consumption. The focus of this project is to design a system of street lights controller to provide a reduction in power consumption. The prototype is design by using Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Infrared sensor (IR), battery and LED. All this component was controlled by Arduino UNO
An antenna array is a set of a combination of two or more antennas in order to achieve improved performance over a single antenna. This paper investigates the beam steering technique using the active element pattern of dipole antenna array. The radiation pattern of the array can be obtain by using the active element pattern method multiplies with the array factor. The active element pattern is crucial as the mutual coupling effect is considered, and it will lead to an accurate radiation pattern, especially in determining direction of arrival (DoA) of a signal. A conventional method such as the pattern multiplication method ignores the coupling effect which is essential especially for closely spaced antenna arrays. The comparison between both techniques has been performed for better performance. It is observed that the active element pattern influenced the radiation pattern of antenna arrays, especially at the side lobe level. Then, the beam of the 3×3 dipole antenna array has been steered to an angle of 60° using three techniques; Uniform, Chebyshev and Binomial distribution. All of these are accomplished using CST and Matlab software.
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