Beam Steering using the Active Element Pattern of Antenna Array

Abstract

An antenna array is a set of a combination of two or more antennas in order to achieve improved performance over a single antenna. This paper investigates the beam steering technique using the active element pattern of dipole antenna array. The radiation pattern of the array can be obtain by using the active element pattern method multiplies with the array factor. The active element pattern is crucial as the mutual coupling effect is considered, and it will lead to an accurate radiation pattern, especially in determining direction of arrival (DoA) of a signal. A conventional method such as the pattern multiplication method ignores the coupling effect which is essential especially for closely spaced antenna arrays. The comparison between both techniques has been performed for better performance. It is observed that the active element pattern influenced the radiation pattern of antenna arrays, especially at the side lobe level. Then, the beam of the 3×3 dipole antenna array has been steered to an angle of 60° using three techniques; Uniform, Chebyshev and Binomial distribution. All of these are accomplished using CST and Matlab software.

Efficient FPGA implementation of high speed digital delay for wideband beamforming using parallel architectures

“…Subfilters are represented in the figure with blocks named C i (z) with 0≤I≤M-1. As discussed in [3,4], modern TI-ADCs for high speed/wide-band applications are usually composed of 2 or 4 ADC cores. Each core provides the output on a separate bus.…”

“…The beamforming technique [1][2][3][4][5] is based on the combination of M different signals coming from M antennas. Such combination is obtained by delaying and summing the signals in order to produce additive interferences in some directions and destructive interferences in others.…”

Design and optimize microstrip patch antenna array using the active element pattern technique

“…where I n is the complex valued feed current applied to the n th element, ( ) is the active element pattern of the n th element, ̂ is the spatial phase term, ̂ is the unit radial vector from the coordinate origin in the observation direction ( ), and r n is a position vector from the origin to the center of the n th element; boldface type indicates a vector quantity. The AEP for truncated-slotted ring patch antenna array has been obtained from CST by activating one of the element and termination of others as described in [18]. The I n parameters in (6) will be optimized using Genetic Algorithm so that the total Active Element Pattern, will be matched with the desired pattern (for example at theta=30º as in Figure 4).…”

Design and simulation of an analog beamforming phased array antenna

“…In analog beamforming technology, the phase of each signal received and transmitted by the antenna array element is adjusted, so that the radiation pattern of the antenna array is steered in the desired direction. The IF phase shifting is implemented in this research because it can provide much better performance compared to RF and LO phase shifting [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The slotted waveguide antenna array is selected because it can provide high power handling capability, low loss, small size, narrow beamwidth, good bandwidth, and high gain [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”