A parvovirose, erisipela e leptospirose são enfermidades que acometem suínos e possuem importância mundial. As fêmeas em idade fértil sofrem com falhas reprodutivas como abortos, retorno ao cio, aumento de mumificados e nascidos mortos, impactando diretamente nos índices produtivos da granja. Ainda, a erisipela e a leptospirose são doenças de caráter zoonótico, sendo um risco à saúde humana principalmente daqueles que possuem contato direto com animais de produção. O objetivo desse artigo de revisão foi fazer uma atualização dessas doenças, com enfoque na epidemiologia e impacto na suinocultura e saúde pública.Palavras-chave: doenças reprodutivas, matriz suína, sanidade de suínos, saúde pública, impacto econômico Current epidemiological aspects of parvovirosis, erysipelas, and leptospirosis: the impact on swine health and public healthAbstract. Parvovirosis, erysipelas, and leptospirosis are global diseases that affect pigs. Sows suffer from reproductive failures such as abortion, return to estrus, and increased rates of mummification and stillbirths, which directly affect the performance of the pig farm. Also, erysipelas and leptospirosis are zoonotic diseases, which is a risk to human health, especially those who have close contact with animals. This review article aimed to update these diseases, with a focus on epidemiology and impact on swine industry and public health.

Com o surgimento de novos microrganismos resistentes à antimicrobianos e desinfetantes, intensificou-se a busca por métodos alternativos, que sejam eficientes na destruição microbiana e ambientalmente sustentáveis. O ozônio surge nesse cenário pelo seu elevado potencial oxidativo, sendo eficaz na inativação e destruição de bactérias, vírus, fungos e até mesmo em parasitos. É utilizado como desinfetante em diversos ramos industriais, no tratamento de águas residuais e, recentemente, tem sido investigado sua aplicabilidade em medicina veterinária. Atividades experimentais demonstram seu elevado potencial antibacteriano na terapêutica veterinária, como método de desinfecção de ambientes nos diferentes segmentos de produção animal, no tratamento de água na atividade aquícola e, na inocuidade de alimentos, aumentando a segurança de alimentos de origem animal.

As vacinas são ferramentas que objetivam proteger um indivíduo ou população de uma determinada doença. Elas simulam uma infecção natural e assim conseguem estimular o sistema imune. Elas podem ser divididas em vivas atenuadas e inativadas, ambas sendo compostas basicamente por antígenos e excipientes, no qual estão contidos os adjuvantes. Esses componentes podem causar reações adversas indesejáveis locais ou sistêmicas, que variam de leve a severa de acordo com os componentes vacinais ou de acordo com a sensibilidade do animal ou pessoa vacinada. O objetivo dessa revisão de literatura é mostrar os mecanismos de funcionamento de vacinas, como reage o sistema imunológico, porque ocorrem as reações vacinais adversas e quais são os principais tipos de reações adversas.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease in sows, it influences their yield and can also affect piglets. There is a small number of studies in the literature reporting close correlation between UTI in sows and disease development or reduced performance in piglets. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to test whether UTI in pregnancy influences disease development and the growth performance of suckling piglets. Healthy sows, presenting parity 1 to 4, were divided into two groups: UTI (+) (36 sows with UTI) and UTI (-) (36 sows without UTI). After delivery, piglets were monitored for diarrhea, omphalitis, arthritis and facial lesions. Average weaning weight (AWW) was calculated to measure growth performance. There was no difference in diarrhea and omphalitis between groups. However, parity 3 sows and all-parity analyses showed higher frequency of piglets with arthritis and facial lesions. The UTI (+) group showed lower AWW than the UTI (-) group in parity 4 sows and in all-parity analyses applied to growth performance. In conclusion, UTI in sows during pregnancy is a risk factor for arthritis and facial lesions in suckling piglets, as well as has negative effect on their growth performance.

The objective of this literature review is to highlight the main aspects of the fish's innate immune system, demonstrating the need for new alternatives for disease control, respecting the premise of sustainability, with the use of biologically active immunostimulants. In fish there is no presence of myeloid tissues or organs, the components of your immune system are classified only as lymphoids, and innate immunity is considered the organism's first line of defense against the pathogen. Thus, the use of food additives and immunostimulants help to improve the natural immune system of these animals. They can be synthetic, chemical or biological substances that induce the activation or increase of components of the immune system, thus providing early defense against diseases, and can be used as preventive treatment. Vegetable compounds, essential oils and bioactive plant strata have great potential, as they have proven antimicrobial and antiparasitic functions. Among them, garlic is considered one of the most effective, as it acts as a growth promoter, appetite stimulator, antimicrobial, antioxidant and immune stimulant, it also helps with hematological parameters and increases the well-being of fish, as well as the ability to improve meat quality and extend shelf life.

The present study characterized the cattle movement network in the state of Goiás, Brazil, in the period from 2010 to 2016, by identifying the areas of greatest flow and the purposes for which these animals were moved. For this, an analysis of the data referring to 4,697,239 animal transit guides (GTA), specifically for bovines, issued between the years 2010 to 2016 was carried out. Data such as the number of animals transported, origin and destination, as well as purpose of movement (slaughter, finishing, reproduction, post-weaning, auctions, sports, exhibitions, exports, and others) were evaluated. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis, in which the animal movements were divided into quartiles. There was an intense movement of cattle throughout the state, mainly for the purposes of finishing and slaughter. Identifying the areas with the highest flow of animals, such as the northwest and south regions, is an important tool for planning actions and applying preventive measures against the spread of infectious agents through the territory of Goiás.

Background: The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of an intramuscular multivalent Escherichia coli vaccine for suckling piglets against infection not only by pathogenic E. coli but also by pathogens involved in Porcine Enteric Disease Complex (PEDC). Vaccinated Group had piglets vaccinated at days 10 and 20 of life with Colidex-C® (Vetia Animal Health, Spain), and Control Group had piglets that received sterile saline solution injection at the same days of life. We collected fecal samples in the farm from animals presenting diarrhea and intestinal mucosa swabs and ileum and colon tissue at slaughter and then performed PCR to identify E. coli virulence factors genes. Furthermore, we performed PCR to identify Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira hyodisenteriae, and Salmonella spp.Results: Regarding fecal samples, 0% from Vaccinated Group was positive for E. coli, while Control Group had 94.1% of positive samples (p<0.0001). With respect to intestinal mucosa swab, 0% of the samples from Vaccinated Group were positive for E. coli, while 100% from Control Group were positive (p=0.001). Regarding ileum and colon tissue samples, 35% were positive for E. coli in Vaccinated Group and 85% in Control Group (p=0.001); Gcnt had a higher frequency of F41 (p=0.018), LT (p=0.018) and Sta (p=0.028) virulence factors genes. No sample was positive for Salmonella spp. nor for B. hyodisenteriae, but there were positive samples L. intracellularis; real-time PCR was performed and the frequencies found were 40% and 20% of ileum and colon positive samples in Vaccinated Group and 100% for ileum and 70% for colon in Control Group (p<0.001 for ileum and p=0.001 for colon).Conclusion: The results indicate that the E. coli vaccine for piglets may be a strategy to control E. coli infection. E. coli vaccines emerge as a probable strategy to help control L. intracellularis and, maybe, other enteric pathogens of pigs not evaluated in this study.

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