The shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora.

-(Convolvulaceae from the Microregion of Alto Capibaribe, Pernambuco State, Brazil). Convolvulaceae is a widely distributed family, most diverse in the Neotropics. 19 genera and 209 species occur in Northeastern Brazil, where this family has only recently been studied. The present study aims to increase the knowledge about Convolvulaceae in the region, focusing on the Microregion of Alto Capibaribe, Pernambuco State. Twenty species of the following genera are found in the area: Evolvulus (two species), Ipomoea (eight), Jacquemontia (five), Merremia (three), Operculina (one), and Turbina (one). Half of the species are new records to the area. Descriptions, taxonomic and distribution notes, illustrations, and a key for identification are presented. Keywords: Floristics, Ipomoea, taxonomy, vines RESUMO -(Convolvulaceae da Microrregião do Alto Capibaribe, PE, Brasil). Convolvulaceae apresenta distribuição cosmopolita com maior diversidade nos Neotrópicos. No Nordeste do Brasil, onde os estudos sobre a família são recentes, são encontrados 18 gêneros e 209 espécies. Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou ampliar os estudos de Convolvulaceae na região, enfocando a microrregião do Alto Capibaribe em Pernambuco. A família é representada na área por 20 espécies incluídas nos gêneros Evolvulus (duas spp.), Ipomoea (oito spp.), Jacquemontia (cinco spp.), Merremia (três spp.), Operculina (uma sp.) e Turbina (uma sp.). Metade das espécies são novos registros para área. São apresentadas descrições, comentários taxonômicos e de distribuição, ilustrações e uma chave de identificação.

Gradyana franciscana, a new genus and species of Euphorbiaceae found in the São Francisco river valley, in the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, is herein described and illustrated. Gradyana is morphologically close to Stillingia due to the presence of carpidiophore and foliar glands, but differs in possessing strictly axillary sinuous thyrsoid staminate inflorescences, solitary pistillate flowers, apical glands in the bracts, long-stipitate glands between pistillate sepals, and staminate flowers with three stamens and three sepals. A key to differentiate Gradyana from other genera of the tribe Hippomaneae occurring in South America is presented. Comments about its geographic distribution, habitat, and conservation status are also provided.

Specimens of phanerogamic plants from the Catimbau National Park, located in northeastern Brazil, were collected during extensive fieldwork and analyzed together with information gathered from the specialized literature. A total of 613 species was recorded, belonging to 366 genera and 85 families. The largest families were Fabaceae, Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Apocynaceae, Malpighiaceae, and Cyperaceae, comprising almost 60% of the species. The level of endemism found was below that projected in the literature, as only four known species are unique to the study area. The area is, however, home to a varied flora with high richness and numerous rare or threatened species, demonstrating the importance of the National Park for conserving the regional flora. Additionally, 34 new registrations are reported here for Pernambuco State.

Abstract—Phyllanthus dardanoi is described and illustrated as a new species apparently endemic to montane forests in northeastern Brazil. It belongs to Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani, and is characterized by staminate flowers with five sepals, two stamens completely connate into a column and with anthers slightly emarginate, dehiscing horizontally, and a cupuliform disk. The new species is similar to P. subemarginatus.

Two new species, Phyllanthus itamarajuensis and P. tuberculatus (Phyllanthaceae), currently restricted to the Atlantic Forest of Bahia State, Brazil, are described and illustrated. Phyllanthus itamarajuensis is distinguished by having long styles (2–2.2 mm long) associated with subshrubby habit, discretely asymmetrical basal leaves, and anthers with vertical dehiscence. Phyllanthus tuberculatus is characterized by glabrous leaves, a long pistillate pedicel (18–20 mm long), flowers of both sexes 5-merous, disk of the staminate flowers with five obtriangular segments with tuberculated surfaces, each being separated by a deep recess, and each with a central pore, anthers with non-divergent thecae, and a patelliform pistillate disk. The systematic position of both new species is discussed, and comments are provided on their morphological relationships, geographic distribution, conservation status, environmental preferences, and phenology.

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