Smoking is operation done in burn material ,often which include this material it tobacco , at which done tasting smoke or inhalation , In the first this operation considering practice set out to spirit by using drug , at which export from burning active material in drug like nicotin of which make it available for absorption through lung.The study includes (30)blood samples from smokers (18-35) years old and ( 16) blood samples from non-smokers (20-35) years old as afrom student of college science / divide of chemistry and physical. The results of the present investigation revealed a significant increase of the cholesterol concentration , Triglycerides ,LDL ,VLDL and LDL/HDL as compared with the records of the control group . and a significant decrease. It was found that a significant decrease Na, Zn ,Cu ,Fe and significant decrease T.P. , ALB ,Urea as compared with the records of the control group.
In agriculture, pesticides are used to preserve plants, but they might be dangerous for farmers and the environment. The present study aimed to use the comet assay and the micronucleus (MN) test to assess the genotoxic effects on lymphocytes and buccal exfoliation in pesticide-exposed male agricultural workers. The samples were collected from 102 workers having exposure to pesticides (Roundup SL, Weed waster, and paraquat 20% SL) and 100 control individuals (without pesticide exposure) from different Mosul, Iraq, neighbourhoods. With the help of the comet assay and the MN test, exfoliated buccal cells from the individuals were analyzed for DNA damage. Each individual's lymphocytes and epithelial baseline cells had their comet tail length assessed, along with any other nuclear abnormalities such as nuclear buds, karyolysis, karyorrhexis, and binucleate cells. The results showed that the frequency of MN considerably rose in the exposed group, and that group also revealed nuclear anomalies linked to cytotoxic or genotoxic effects. There were significant disparities in the amount of DNA damage between recently exposed employees and controls and recently exposed and followed-up cases. In comparison to controls, there was a considerable increase in the and frequency of cells that migrated in exposed workers. However, it was shown that confounding factors, such as age and the varying length of pesticide exposure, substantially impacted DNA damage. Educational programs for agricultural workers are critical to limit the use of chemicals in agriculture, given the evidence of a genetic risk associated with exposure brought on by the extensive use of pesticides.
Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The acute toxicity of aluminum is low. No acute effects due to dietary exposure to aluminum have been observed in the general population. A compendium is provided of aluminum compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. In our current study, the genotoxicity of aluminum was evaluated in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay in buccal cells and Comet assay in urinary tract cells, 50 samples were taken from the workers in the aluminum factory and 50 samples as control. The results showed significant increased in the average of the affected cells (8.86 ± 1.36) and the average total cell total (51.66 ± 18.19) in urinary tract while the average of damage cells (72.02 ± 8.99) and It is noted that the mean micronuclei (1.61±29.80) and the average abnormality in all cells (3.06 ±92.54) while the Mni(51.28 ±10.61). These results suggest that the estimation of cellular genetic damage in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay and Comet assay estimation is important to know the toxic effects of aluminum.
Submission of an original paper with copyright agreement and authorship responsibility.I (corresponding author) certify that I have participated sufficiently in the conception and design of this work and the analysis of the data (wherever applicable), as well as the writing of the manuscript, to take public responsibility for it. I believe the manuscript represents valid work. I have reviewed the final version of the manuscript and approve it for publication. Neither has the manuscript nor one with substantially similar content under my authorship been published nor is being considered for publication elsewhere, except as described in an attachment. Furthermore I attest that I shall produce the data upon which the manuscript is based for examination by the editors or their assignees, if requested.Thanking you.
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