The early identification of some clinically significant hemoglobinopathies and precise differentiation of hemoglobin variants are important to provide early comprehensive medical care to prevent some serious complications, assess prognosis and offer genetic counseling. This study examined the prevalence of α 2 - gene deletion in neonates in Samarra and Tikrit, Iraq. Screening study was carried out by examining fresh blood samples obtained from excised umbilical cord of 42 neonates born in neonates clinics in Samarra hospital and Tikrit hospital from October 2012 to March 2013. Hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed using Hellabio hemoglobin electrophoresis kit (He 10) and Hellabioscan system for detection of Hb bands and value % of fractions. The results showed 40 cases out of 42 (95.24%) have normal hemoglobin components. 2 cases out of 42 (4.76%) there was no visible band of HbA2 in hemoglobin electrophoresis pattern. Considering the missing of HbA2 band the two cases may have the deletion of δ gene so each one of them may has the genotype δ0/δ0.
Whilst being environmentally abundant, aluminum is not essential for life. On the contrary, aluminum is a widely recognized neurotoxin that inhibits more than 200 biologically important functions and causes various adverse effects in plants, animals, and humans. The acute toxicity of aluminum is low. No acute effects due to dietary exposure to aluminum have been observed in the general population. A compendium is provided of aluminum compounds used in industrial settings, and as pharmaceuticals, food additives, cosmetics and as other household products. In our current study, the genotoxicity of aluminum was evaluated in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay in buccal cells and Comet assay in urinary tract cells, 50 samples were taken from the workers in the aluminum factory and 50 samples as control. The results showed significant increased in the average of the affected cells (8.86 ± 1.36) and the average total cell total (51.66 ± 18.19) in urinary tract while the average of damage cells (72.02 ± 8.99) and It is noted that the mean micronuclei (1.61±29.80) and the average abnormality in all cells (3.06 ±92.54) while the Mni(51.28 ±10.61). These results suggest that the estimation of cellular genetic damage in epithelial cells by Micronucleus assay and Comet assay estimation is important to know the toxic effects of aluminum.
The effect of Malathion was studied orally on Japanese quail males (Cotrunix Cotrunix Japonica). The Median lethal Dose LD50 of malathion through 24 hours was found to be 163.6 mg / kg. Malathion was provided in doses of 75% 122.7 mg / kg b.wt., 50% 81.8 mg / kg b.wt., 25%40.9 mg/kg b.wt. LD50 of body weight plus cyclophosphamide 20 mg/kg b.wt as positive control and Corn oil as a negative control, The current study was carried out to detect the effects of malathion on cell cytotoxicity based on genetic cytotoxicity tests such as Micronuclei Test (MN for mature red blood cells in peripheral blood and immature blood cells in bone marrow for 18, 20 and 22 hours per treatment and Chromosomal Aberration (CA) test for immature red blood cells in bone marrow, And 24 hours for each treatment with subcutaneous injection of colchicine 0.5gm prior to 3-hour incubation. The results of the statistical analysis Suggested that a significant increase in P≤0.05of micronucleated mature red blood cells in peripheral blood and micronucleated immature blood cells in bone marrow for 18, 20 and 22 hours per treatment in the formation of micronuclei compared to negative control. The results of the study also Suggested that a significant increase in P≤ 0.05 on the induction of chromosomal Aberration of immature red blood cells in bone marrow.
The cytogenetic effects of Fumagillin were evaluated according to Mitotic Index (M.I) and aberration of metaphase chromosomes in bone marrow cells(CA) of white mice. The fumagillin was given as repeated oral gavages for 7 successive days after preparing the doses 10,15 at concentrations 20 mg/kg.b.wt. in 50% of sugar syrup . The positive control was given single I.p. dose of 20 mg/kg.b.wt. of methotrexate. The three dosages 10, 15, and 20 mg/kg.b.wt of Fumagillin induced significant decrease in mitotic index (3.90 ± 0.29, 3.60 ± 1.80, and 2.90 ±0.18) respectively compared with (7.10 ±0.29) for negative control. The results showed that the two dosages 15 and 20 mg/kg.b.wt of Fumagillin induced significant increase in the frequency of the chromosome aberration in bone marrow cells of the mice in the these groups (9.00± 0.92, 17.20 ± 1.42) respectively compared with (6.00 ±0.83) for negative control. The obtained result revealed the genetic and cellular toxic reaction of Fumagillin within the high and medium limits studied doses.
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