Pesticides are needed to maintain high production in the vineyard area of La Rioja (Spain), and monitoring their spatial distribution is a priority for preserving the quality of natural resources. Accordingly, the purpose of this work was to conduct a study to evaluate the presence and seasonal distribution of herbicide and insecticide residues in ground and surface waters in this region. The monitoring network comprised 12 surface waters and 78 groundwaters, covering the three subareas (63,593ha) into which the vineyard region is divided. The quality of natural waters was examined through the analysis of twenty-two herbicides, eight of their main degradation products, and eight insecticides. Pesticides were extracted by solid-phase extraction, and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry or by liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results reveal the presence of most of the herbicides and insecticides included in the study in one or more of the samples collected during the four campaigns. The herbicide terbuthylazine and its metabolite desethylterbuthylazine were the compounds more frequently detected (present in >65% of the samples across all the campaigns). Other compounds detected in >50% of the samples in one sampling campaign were the herbicides fluometuron, metolachlor, alachlor and ethofumesate. Insecticides were present in a small number of samples, with only pirimicarb being detected in >25% of the samples in March and June campaigns. The results reveal that the sum of compounds detected (mainly herbicides) was higher than 0.5μgL in >50% of the samples, especially in the campaigns with the highest application of these compounds. A possible recovery of the quality of the waters was detected outside the periods of crop cultivation, although more monitoring programmes are needed to confirm this trend with a view to preventing and/or maintaining the sustainability of natural resources.

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A monitoring program was developed for the environmental analysis of four phenols and three phenoxyacid herbicides in natural surface and ground water samples from the vineyard region of La Rioja (Spain). An analytical method based on molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction was developed for the determination of the impact of these compounds on the quality of environmental water samples. Different parameters were evaluated and optimized to achieve limits of detection in the 20-90 ng L(-1) range for both surface and ground water, with relative standard deviations in the 12-18% range. A comparative study of the behavior of the imprinted polymer compared with traditional sorbents (C18 and Oasis HLB) in the analysis of river water was performed. The results revealed that bisphenol-A is the most ubiquitous compound (present in more than 50% of the samples), with values up to 0.72 μg L(-1). Bisphenol-F was also detected in several samples (33% of the samples), although in concentration lower than Bisphenol-A. The herbicide 2,4-D was frequently detected in water samples (present in 33% of the samples), with concentrations above 0.1 μg L(-1) in two samples.

La determinación de las concentraciones de actividad de los diferentes radionucleidos en las áreas abandonadas de la minería de uranio es necesaria para conocer los niveles de radiación y a partir de ellos, decidir si es o no necesaria su rehabilitación. En este trabajo se ha establecido una metodología que permita conocer el verdadero impacto radiológico ambiental a partir de las concentraciones de actividad de diferentes grupos de emisores gamma pertenecientes a las series radiactivas naturales del 238 U, 235 U y 232 Th. Los valores obtenidos han permitido comprobar la dispersión de la contaminación en función de la rosa de los vientos así como la zona que supone un riesgo radiológico importante. El factor más influyente en la zona estudiada ha sido tanto la presencia de materia orgánica como la posible acción de las plantas en la retención de los radionucleidos estudiados.

Gamma dose equivalent (0.18 μSv/h) is higher than background of Salamanca province, Guarda district and worldwide average. The concentration of water-soluble U (or bioavailable) in soils regionally distributed with no influence of mining works, ranges from 1 to 137 μg/L with a median of 9 μg/l. The U content in shallow well waters ranges 0.1 -79.5 μg/L with a median of 0.4 μg/l. In river and stream samples the concentration are lower (median < 0.1 μg/L). The association of U, As and pH in water samples indicates an increase of U and As solubility with increasing pH linked to the formation of uranyl-carbonate and uranyl-arsenate complexes.

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