Background: Paracetamol, is the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication in the world, which has minimal adverse effects at therapeutic dosages. But in high doses causes hepatic damage and oxidative stress. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate paracetamol toxic effects upon the liver and oxidative stress after repeated oral dose and evaluate possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid when co-administered with and after paracetamol. Methods: forty eight white albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Each group was subdivided into two sub groups A & B. Group I received gum acacia suspension. Group II received Alpha lipoic acid (50mg/kg) orally. Group III received paracetamol (1 gm/ kg orally) for 4 weeks. Group IV received paracetamol and alpha lipoic acid at the same doses. Sub groups A were euthanized after 4 weeks, while sub groups B were euthanized after 8 weeks. Blood was collected for evaluation of liver functions and oxidative stress marker. The livers were preserved for histopathological examinations. Results: The study proved that repeated administration of paracetamol induced disturbed liver functions and oxidative stress. But this toxic effects decline markedly when alpha lipoic acid (ALA) was coadministered with paracetamol. And more improvement occurs when ALA was administered for another 4 weeks after stoppage of paracetamol. Conclusions: The present study concluded that repeated paracetamol administration has hepatotoxic and oxidative stress effect and alpha lipoic acid has a protective effect against such harmful effects especially when ALA was administered for another 4 weeks after stoppage of paracetamol.

Corona virus (COVID-19) infection, which was first reported in China in 2019, has rapidly spread across the entire world. On 24 March 2020, the Egyptian government started a national lockdown trying to decrease the spread of infection. The aim of the work: To study the medicolegal aspects of trauma cases attended Sohag University Hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic and national lockdown in comparison with those in the same period in the preceding year 2019. Subjects and methods: The study is a retrospective study included trauma cases attended to Sohag University Hospitals from 1/4/ 2020 to 30/5/ 2020 (COVID group) and those from 1/4/ 2019 to 30/5/ 2019 (Pre-COVID group). Results: The total number of cases was 424 in COVID group and 427 in Pre-COVID group. The majority of trauma was in the age groups (<18 years and 18-40 years) representing (82.8%) in COVID group and (89.8%) in Pre-COVID group. Male/female ratio was 3:1 in the COVID group 4:1 in Pre-COVID group. For the cause of injury, there was a significant difference between both groups. Accidental mode was the main mode of injury. In respect to site and pattern of injury, head and neck injuries was the main site and fractures were the most common type of injury in both groups. Concerning the outcome, the majority of cases were improved. Conclusion: COVID-19 has disrupted social structures worldwide. These disruptions directly and indirectly affected trauma admissions at Sohag University Hospitals. In spite of the total number of trauma cases did not change but there was a change in the causes of injury and outcome of the case in COVID group in comparison with Pre-COVID group.

Background: Road traffic accidents are one of the major causes of severe injuries and even death. Tok-Tok is a light weight, flexible and open vehicle designed to carry three adult passengers and a driver. Tok-Tok is one of the widely used means of transportation in Egypt nowadays. Aim: This study aimed to study the types and severity of the Tok-Tok accident-related injuries in Sohag Governorate. Patients and Methods: A Crosssectional, hospital based study, done in Sohag University Hospitals from 1 January 2021 to 31 December 2021. The study included 100 victims who sustained Tok-Tok accidents. Data about victims were collected including demographic profile; accident data and clinical data. Results:The mean age of the study population was 34.3±15.4 years, and 2/3 of them were males. The driver of the Tok-Tok himself was the victim in 25% of the cases and the passenger in 39% of the cases.Rural victims accounted for 56% of the total cases. Among the drivers, only 28% had driving license, and around one third of them were drug addicts. The mean time lag between trauma and hospital arrival was around 1.25 hours. Regarding the injured parts of the victims, head and neck were the most commonly injured parts followed by upper limbs. Half of the cases treated conservatively. Conclusion: Tok-Tok accidents are more common among young and middle aged males at rural areas. The severity of Tok-Tok injuries are associated with head and neck trauma, need for surgical treatment and/or ICU admission and longer hospital stay.

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Background: Paracetamol, is the most widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic medication in the world, which has no adverse effect at therapeutic dosages. But in high doses causes renal failure. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate paracetamol toxic effects upon the kidney and oxidative stress after repeated oral dose and evaluate possible protective effect of alpha lipoic acid when co-administered with and after paracetamol. Methods: forty eight white albino rats were divided equally into four groups. Each group was subdivided into two sub groups A & B. Group I received gum acacia suspension. Group II received Alpha lipoic acid (50mg/kg) orally. Group III received paracetamol (1 gm/ kg orally) for 4 weeks. Group IV received paracetamol and alpha lipoic acid at the same doses. Sub groups A were euthanized after 4 weeks, while sub groups B were euthanized after 8 weeks. Blood was collected for evaluation of kidney functions and oxidative stress markers. The kidneys were preserved for histopathological examinations. Results: The study proved that repeated administration of paracetamol induced disturbed kidney functions and oxidative stress. But this toxic effects decline markedly when alpha lipoic acid was co-administered with paracetamol. And more improvement occurs when ALA was administered for another 4 weeks after stoppage of paracetamol. Conclusions: The present study concluded that repeated paracetamol administration has nephrotoxic and oxidative stress effect and alpha lipoic acid has a protective effect against such harmful effects.