Tobacco is a plantation commodity used as the main ingredient of cigarettes. Nicotiana tabacum extract as biopesticides are nicotine content, d-limonene, pyridine, and indole on tobacco used as pest control of plants. This study examined the Effect of Nicotiana tabacum Extract Concentration as Biopesticide on protein content of Robusta coffee beans and skin. The research was conducted in March until August 2017 at Kebondalem, Jambu, Semarang with altitude of 711 meters above sea level. The study was designed a singlefactor of complete randomized block design. The concentration consisted of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% named as (T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4) each treatment repeated 3 times. The results showed that the treatment without Nicotiana tabacum extract was very significant rather than with Nicotiana tabacum extract. The results of this research shows that the highest content of coffee beans protein was 0, 75% (T0), and the lowest was 0.47% T4) While the highest content of coffee skin protein content was 1, 46% (T0), and the lowest was 0.38% (T4).
This research were aimed to know the plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) profile on soybean seeds as contaminants of the impact use of agrochemistry material impact and to know of swelling agent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) needs at certain level of pH in chelation with citric acid. The results showed that the content of Pb in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.63 ppm, while cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.46 ppm. Cd content in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.05 ppm and the cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.1 ppm. Acceptable daily intake in terms of Pb content in soybean after treatment increases to 2.93 times compared before treatment (11.3379 to 33.2099 g per body weight per day). Acceptable daily intake in terms of the content of the Cd in soybean after treatment increases to 5.26 times compared before treatment. The value of the bioconcentration factor which expressed an accumulation of Pb in soybean seeds on both cultivation is low system (BCF<250), while for Cd is a moderate to high level (1.000
ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang distribusi plumbum, cadmium pada biji kedelai dan deprotonasi gugus fungsional karboksil asam sitrat dalam proses khelasi. Penelitian ini merupakan tahapan deprotonasi gugus fungsional karboksil asam sitrat, yaitu tinjauan secara kimiawi keaktifan (jumlah proton) gugus fungsional asam sitrat akibat perubahan pH lingkungan khelasi. Faktor penelitian meliputi ratio asam sitrat terhadap air yang terdiri dari tiga taraf 0,1:1, 0,2:1 dan 0,3:1 dengan pH lingkungan khelasi yang terdiri dari tiga taraf 5; 7,5 dan 10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, akumulasi plumbum (Pb) pada jaringan kulit biji kedelai rerata 0,37 ± 0,03 ppm, sedangkan Pb pada jaringan kotiledon rerata 0,39 ± 0,07 ppm. Akumulasi cadmium (Cd) pada jaringan kulit biji kedelai rerata 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm sedangkan Cd pada jaringan kotiledon rerata 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm. Deprotonasi gugus fungsional chelating agent asam sitrat tertinggi 9,43 cmol + kg -1 dicapai pada kondisi khelasi dengan ratio asam sitrat terhadap air 0,3:1 pada lingkungan khelasi pH 10 (A 3 B 3 ). Keadaan tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan ratio asam sitrat 0,2:1 dan 0,1:1 pada lingkungan khelasi pH 10.Kata kunci: Kedelai, plumbum, cadmium dan deprotonasi ABSTRACT A study on the distribution of plumbum, cadmium on soybeans and deprotonation of carboxyl functional groups of citric acid in the chelation process. This study was deprotonation phase of carboxyl functional groups of citric acid as chelating agent, that was review chemically activity (protons number) functional group of citric acid was caused of chelation environment pH changes. Research factors were 1) ratios of citric acid with water, consists of three levels i.e. 0,1:1; 0,2:1 and 0,3:1 second factors was chelation environment pH, consists of three levels i.e. 5; 7.5 and 10. The results showed that, the plumbum (Pb) accumulation in seed coat tissue average value 0,37 ± 0,03 ppm, whereas Pb on cotyledon tissue average value 0,39 ± 0,07 ppm. Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in seed coat tissue average value was 0,02 ± 0,004 ppm while the Cd on cotyledon tissue average value 0,02 ± 0,003 ppm. The highest deprotonation of functional groups citric acid as chelating agent 9,43cmol + kg -1 was reached on chelation condition citric acid ratios with water 0,3:1 on chelation environment pH 10 (A 3 B 3 ). The study result non significant difference with citric acid ratios with water 0,2:1 and 0,1:1 on chelation environment pH 10. PENDAHULUANKeberhasilan pembangunan pertanian dan industri dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan, terutama terhadap kualitas sumber daya lahan. Pencemaran logam berat pada lahan pertanian merupakan masalah lingkungan pada umumnya, yang dapat mengurangi produktivitas tanaman dan keamanan produk sebagai pangan dan pakan (Zheljazkov dkk., 2006). Sumber utama logam berat pada tanaman adalah media pertumbuhan, sebagai larutan hara dan tanah. Sejauh mana tanaman menyerap logam, tergantung pada logam berat yang terdapat dalam tanah dan sumber lain termasuk
Background: Water is one of the factors limiting rice cultivation on raindrop land. The provision of mycorrhizae can help the absorption of water in the soil solum deeper. Besides, it can also save the use of nitrogen and phosphor fertilizers in water-choked conditions. This research aimed to optimize dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on growth in rainfed lowland rice applied mycorrhizae. Methods: This research was carried out from April to July 2019 in rainfed lowland rice with entisol in Demangan, Sambi, Boyolali, Center Java, Indonesia The research method was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The first factor was the dosage of nitrogen fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha-1. The second factor was the dosage of phosphorus fertilizer, which consisted of four levels, i.e., 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg ha-1. Result: The results showed that fertilizer dosage of nitrogen of 90 kg ha-1 and phosphorus of 50 kg ha-1 increased the leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), and crop growth rate (CGR). The application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can improve the Situ Bagendit variety’s physiological character better than without fertilizer. Rice cultivation in rainfed lowland rice applied mycorrhizae should use nitrogen of 90 kg ha-1 and phosphorus of 50 kg ha-1.
Heavy metals contaminants in land agriculture are environmental problems and to reduce the food safety, so that too needed for the research of Pb, Cd and Cu decrease absorption by plants using organic chelating agent i.e. substance of humus (humic and fulvic acid) in there manure. The research was done with completely block design, in Gagaksipat, Ngemplak, Boyolali; heavy metal analysis in manure, land and seeds use atomic absorption spectrophotometer-flame (AAS Jena Contr AA 300 German). It was aimed to identify contaminants of Pb, Cd, and Cu in sweet corn and soybean seeds. The research treatment were doses of cow manure: 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 kg per hectare. The results showed that's enrichment coefficient (EC) Pb and Cu in sweet corn seeds had low accumulator plants categories, whereas the EC plumbum soybean seeds had low accumulator plants categories, whereas the EC copper soybean seeds had moderately accumulator plants categories, and EC cadmium in the sweet corn and soybeans seeds were undetectable. Exposure of Pb and Cd in corn sweet and soybean seeds were undetectable, while of Cu in sweet corn and soybean seeds 2.03 and 12.39 ppm respectively. Contaminant of Pb, Cd and Cu exposure in land sweet corn post-harvested were 30.99; undetectable and 60.58 ppm respectively. While Pb, Cd and Cu exposure in land soybean post harvested were 33.24; undetectable and 56.26 ppm respectively.
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