Dentro de los Sistemas de Distribución Eléctrica (SDE), los consumidores generan la demanda energética, lo que es tema principal de discusión, puesto que es necesario satisfacer la misma. A partir de este punto, es importante considerar que el hecho de entregar energía desde los puntos de generación centralizada hasta las cargas supone una gran inversión y gasto, si se pone sobre la mesa las siguientes consideraciones: pérdidas de energía, costos de operación, niveles de voltaje, etc. La Generación Distribuida (GD), usando energías renovables no convencionales (ERNC), abre un espacio como posible solución a los problemas mencionados, dado que la GD se ubica en puntos estratégicos y cercanos a las cargas y cuentan con la capacidad de satisfacer la demanda requerida en dicho nodo, como también entregar energía al SDE, de ser necesario; por lo que se logra minimizar los problemas técnicos, económicos y operativos que puedan existir. En este documento se expone la óptima ubicación y dimensionamiento de las unidades de GD con tecnología fotovoltaica que serán introducidas al SDE por medio de un algoritmo, que permita minimizar los costos de operación, basado en el método de generación de columnas que será implementado; además de generar una micro red sin enrutamiento, que represente un escenario, lo más real posible, a partir de la georreferenciación con ayuda de la teoría de grafos que se implementará en MATLAB.
La Ceiba, Atlántida, is an important tourist city in Honduras with a population of 214,917 inhabitants. In the last decade, the city's economy has shown a decrease, affecting the electric and environmental sectors of the city. In the environmental sector, it has been more than 20 years since a company specialized in the treatment of municipal solid waste has been contracted, and in the electrical sector, investment in studies of electricity generation projects is difficult, causing overloads in the lines, causing interruptions in the flow. electric. Based on this problem, it was decided to carry out a technical feasibility study to serve as a reference for the implementation of an electricity generation plant from biogas generated from biomass from municipal solid waste in La Ceiba. A small-scale methodology was implemented for the characterization of solid waste that serves as a reference for future research, in order to know the amount of raw material available for the project and have an orderly accounting of municipal solid waste. It is proposed to evaluate the technical feasibility by calculating if the available raw material to be used is sufficient and by designing a biomass plant that meets the needs of the available raw material. Finally, a calculation will be made of the CO2 emissions that the project will emit, in order to have greater control of the environmental part. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that the organic matter of municipal solid waste can be used to feed two lagoon -type biodigesters for the production of biogas that works as fuel to feed an electric generator to produce electricity in La Ceiba.
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