Óptimo dimensionamiento y ubicación de generación fotovoltaica en una microred georeferenciada utilizando generación de columnas

Abstract

Dentro de los Sistemas de Distribución Eléctrica (SDE), los consumidores generan la demanda energética, lo que es tema principal de discusión, puesto que es necesario satisfacer la misma. A partir de este punto, es importante considerar que el hecho de entregar energía desde los puntos de generación centralizada hasta las cargas supone una gran inversión y gasto, si se pone sobre la mesa las siguientes consideraciones: pérdidas de energía, costos de operación, niveles de voltaje, etc.
 La Generación Distribuida (GD), usando energías renovables no convencionales (ERNC), abre un espacio como posible solución a los problemas mencionados, dado que la GD se ubica en puntos estratégicos y cercanos a las cargas y cuentan con la capacidad de satisfacer la demanda requerida en dicho nodo, como también entregar energía al SDE, de ser necesario; por lo que se logra minimizar los problemas técnicos, económicos y operativos que puedan existir.
 En este documento se expone la óptima ubicación y dimensionamiento de las unidades de GD con tecnología fotovoltaica que serán introducidas al SDE por medio de un algoritmo, que permita minimizar los costos de operación, basado en el método de generación de columnas que será implementado; además de generar una micro red sin enrutamiento, que represente un escenario, lo más real posible, a partir de la georreferenciación con ayuda de la teoría de grafos que se implementará en MATLAB.

Brief Analysis of the Location and Determination of Maximum Capacity of Distributed Generation in Electrical Systems Considering Demand Scenarios in Ecuador

“…• Incorrect addition of DGs can unbalance and vary the voltage profile of the system. Considering the above points, sizing and location should be variables considered in the optimal dispatch to meet the needs of the system and users; an example of the optimization process with DG considering economic aspects is to achieve reduced prices by delivering energy at peak hours [13]; an example of the optimization process with DG considering economic elements is to achieve reduced prices by providing energy at peak hours. Typically, the generation units incorporated in an electrical system are largescale and involve high power and voltage; with the connection of DG, the voltage levels available in the different stages of the system are taken advantage of, making it more dynamic so that users deliver and receive energy to and from the grid.…”

“…Then, for the low-voltage distribution network between 120 and 220 kV, small-and micro-generation systems such as internal combustion systems, microhydro turbines, and solar panels can be incorporated. Figure 3 shows how the subset of distributed resources is located in the power electric system depending on the voltage and capacity level, and it is visualized that the location is undefined in the distribution or sub-transmission network [13]. There are several energy sources used in distributed generation due to the technological development that exists, but due to the need to safeguard safety and reduce the environmental impact, the consumption of energy-preferably originating from renewable energy sources-is increasing.…”

“…This analysis allows the modeling of a traditional electricity market and one with the insertion of distributed generation to study the importance of its inclusion in distribution expansion planning and how it improves the reliability of the electric power system [17]. The influence of distributed generation on distribution has been described in technological, economic, and environmental terms; now, the technical problems caused by DG, how existing networks are affected, and what should be considered in the operation and expansion planning [3,13] are technically specified.…”

“…Figures [13][14][15] show that the voltage level quality index initially evaluated in the initial case without DG improves compared to that with the incorporation of DG. It remains within the permitted limits according to Regulation No.…”