Measurement of C reactive protein rate in children suffering from falciparum malaria was done in order to determine its relationships according to parasite density, white blood cells, age and hemoglobin. This study was a prospective cross-sectional with descriptive and analytical purpose. It focused on 50 children aged from 0 to 15 years admitted in the Pediatric departments of university hospitals in Cocody and Treichville for malaria (Abidjan). Venous blood samples were collected on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for blood cells count, parasite density and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The samples, collected without EDTA were used to measure C Reactive Protein. With the blood collected, the serum was processed on the same day and preserved at-20°C. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite densities. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter. Turbidimetric test was used for quantitative detection of C Reactive Protein. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) Version 18.0 and Excel 2007. For all test p-value <0.05 below was considered significant. High levels of C reactive protein were observed in all of patients. Younger children had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Positive strong correlation was noted between CRP and both parasite density and leukocytes. There was negative correlation between C reactive protein rate and age. In children suffering from severe anemia, the negative correlation observed between CRP and hemoglobin level was stronger than those suffering from moderate anemia. The main finding of this study was the involvement of CRP in malaria anemia. The levels of CRP according to age in children with falciparum malaria could be used as a biomarker for assessing anemia.

L'haptoglobine chez les enfants atteints de paludisme grave a Plasmodium falciparum : Relations avec l'âge, la parasitemie et le taux d'hémoglobine. 6426 ABSTRACT :Haptoglobin in children with severe falciparum malaria, aged from 0 to 15 years old: Relationships according to age, parasitemia and hemoglobin rate.Objectives: This study was assaying haptoglobin in children aged 0-15 years with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria and the relationship between this protein of inflammation according to age, parasitemia and hemoglobin rate. Methodology and results: It was a prospective study in 70 children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria aged between 0 and 15 years recruited in the services of Pediatric Hospitals and University (CHU) of Cocody and Yopougon (Abidjan). COBAS INTEGRA 400 turbidimetric test was used for the measurement of Haptoglobin in human serum. Anti-Haptoglobin antibodies when mixed with samples containing Haptoglobin, formed insoluble complexes. These complexes caused an absorbance change, dependent upon the Haptoglobin concentration of the patient sample that could be quantified by comparison from a calibrator of know Haptoglobin concentration. The results showed that during severe falciparum malaria, most of children (69.44 to 88.2%) had hypohaptoglobinemia. The average rate of Haptoglobin was lower in children 0-5 years, reflecting a higher hemolysis. The average rate of this protein was proportional to age and mean hemoglobin, but inversely proportional to the mean parasite. Conclusion and application of results: This study showed that in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, there was relationship between Haptoglobin levels and age, parasitemia and hemoglobin rate. In developing countries where malaria anemia causes death of many children every year, Haptoglobin could be an excellent marker for medical aftercare of inflammatory diseases and intravascular hemolysis remission in pediatric practice.

Immunological Disorders and Immunotherapy Im m u nol og ic a l D is or ders & Im m un othe ra p y Volume 3 • Issue 2 • 1000118 Immunol Disord Immunother

Immunological Disorders and Immunotherapy Im m u nologic a l D is or ders & Im m un othe ra p y Volume 2 • Issue 3 • 1000115 Immunol Disord Immunother

Justification: In the problematic of protection against severe forms of malaria, premunition has often been mentioned as a protective factor acquired in adults at the cost of multiple infections for several years. Exploration of the cellular component of anti-parasite immunity in uncomplicated malaria will provide comparisons of evidence that, despite relative protection, 2 to 3% of adults living in the endemic zone are victims of severe malaria. Main objective: The objective was to evaluate the role of the innate cellular response in susceptibility to uncomplicated malaria in subjects older than 15 years. Patients and Methods: It was a prospective study with descriptive and analytical purpose that took place at Koumassi General Hospital for simple malaria patients and the NBTC for witnesses. All blood samples were analyzed in the Immunology and Hematology Laboratory of CHU de Cocody. It included 50 patients (25 patients with malaria and 25 witnesses) of both sexes, over a 3-month period. The samples carried were processed in the said-laboratory. Results: The average age of our patients was 35 years. The mean of NK cells were 45 cells/mm 3 in patients and 154.64 cells/ mm 3 in witness persons. The risk of not seeing a simple malaria when the number of NK cells is high was 9.03. The PPV was 88.88% and the NPV was 62.6%. The mean parasitemia in patients was 1840 trophozoites/μL. The influence of NK cells on parasitemia was undetermined with a PPV at 1% and a NPV at 39.13%. Conclusion: Susceptibility to simple malaria is a multifactorial phenomenon in which the immune response plays a central role. The evolution towards this clinical state will have to be studied with all the other cellular actors to better appreciate the role of NK cells during its evolution.

Objectives: The rheumatoid factor (RF), like any antibody, may encounter in the body an antigenic specificity. It will then bind to an antigen by cross-reaction or an already formed immune complex. In this context, the RF may impede reactions of diagnosis with immunological principle (antigen-antibody reaction). The rheumatoid factor as well as anti-animal antibodies also reacts with the Fc portion of animal or human IgG of kits of reagents leading to false positive or false negative results. That's the reason why we wanted to have more information about its levels and its association with gender, age and parasite density in children with falciparum malaria. Methodology: It was a prospective study about 130 children of both sexes (M / F: 73/57; mean age: 4.78 ± 3.48 years), suffering from falciparum malaria and aged from 0 to 15 years old. Those children have been included in pediatric services of the University Hospital Center of Cocody and the General Hospital of Kumasi, both, in Abidjan. Venous blood samples were collected on EDTA for blood cells count, parasite densities, and identification of Plasmodium falciparum. The other blood samples collected without EDTA were used to measure Rheumatoid Factor levels. Giemsa-stained thin and thick blood films were analyzed by microscope for plasmodium species and parasite density. Hematological parameters were determined using hematology cell counter (Sysmex KX-21N). Slide agglutination test (RFlatex) was used for qualitative and quantitative detection of Rheumatoid Factor. Statistical analysis was carried out on a computer using Excel 2007 and Statistica 7.1. For all test p-value <0.05 below was considered significant. Results: During falciparum malaria, 30% of children in this study produced RF. The mean level of RF observed in children under 5 years was higher than those whose age was ≥ 5 years but statically not significant (p = 0.07). We also found in children whose age was ≥ 5 years, negative correlation between the level of RF and parasite density, which was stronger than those under 5 years (R =-0.53, p = 0.006 vs R =-0.23 p = 0.013). Most of children secreting Rheumatoid Factor were males (69.23%) and had more risk than females (OR = 3.35). Conclusion: This study showed that 30% of children in falciparum malaria secreted RF. This autoantibody was associated with gender, age and parasite density.