Despite considerable studies, diabetes continues to remain a challenge for its prevention and management with an increasing rate of morbidity and mortality. One of the popular herbal extracts - Gymnema sylvestre has been extensively studied for its anti-diabetic potential. The present study aimed to explore the in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Gymnema sylvetsre (Gudmar; GD) and also reveal its drug-likeness, toxicity and action mechanism by utilizing in silico molecular docking and network pharmacology, respectively. The elemental analysis confirmed that FMB technology successfully replenishes iron, zinc and calcium in the conventional extract which is devoid of these essential trace elements. GD extract-FMB (IC50 = 131.90 ± 0.44) are more effective as compared to conventional GD extract in the case of α-amylase (IC50 = 118.23 ± 0.42; IC50 = 109.52 ± 0.34) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 109.52 ± 0.34), respectively while a similar effect was observed in DPPH-free radical scavenging (IC50 = 129.2 ± 0.98) of GD extract-FMB as compared to GD extract (IC50 = 176.6 ± 0.51). Network pharmacology revealed that key target proteins that are strongly linked to iron, zinc and calcium were strongly involved in glucose metabolism, oxo-inflammatory responses and insulin-related pathways. In addition, in silico molecular docking results of gymnemic acid against α-amylase and α-glucosidase revealed strong biological bindings. Conclusively, based on the finding we can conclude that FMB technique replenish the ETEs in the conventional extract. Also FMB processing is beneficial and provides a innovative solution for the herbal pharmaceutical industry to develop better efficacious extracts or herbal formulations.
Curcuma longa (Turmeric) has been utilized for centuries in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of various diseases and disorders. In the present study, essential trace elements (ETEs) fused in standardized extract of curcumin by utilizing an advanced technology called FMB [(fusion (F), micronization (M), bio-activation (B)] was investigated for its cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities against the conventional standardized extrcat. Results of the elemental analysis showed that FMB technology significantly replenishes Iron and Zinc in the standardized extract. Cytotoxicity results revealed no toxic effect in the tested concentration. In vitro immunomodulatory activity showed that FMB extract of Curcuma longa significantly stimulates the spleen cell proliferation as compared to standardized extract and almost similar results were found in pinocytic activation. In addition, anti-inflammatory results showed that FMB extracts remarkably reverse the level of TNF-α as compared to standardized extract. Summarily, overall results showed FMB extract is more beneficial than standardized extract. Hence, we can conclude that FMB technique can be used as an effective method and approach to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of herbal medicines especially extracts.
Essential trace elements (ETEs) are important for the human body as like plant phytoconstituents in the products or extracts perform cell functions at biological, chemical and molecular levels. ETEs serve as cofactors for numerous enzymes and as centres for maintaining the structural integrity of proteins and enzymes as well as mediating significant biological processes. Therefore, ETEs are required in our therapeutic regimen to attain maximum efficacy. In the present study, we have successfully replenished the ETEs into a conventional extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra by utilizing an advanced technology called FMB [(fusion (F), micronization (M), bioligation or bioactivate (B)] and investigate their cytotoxicity, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The elemental analysis confirmed that FMB technology significantly replenishes iron, zinc and calcium in the conventional extract. Results of cytotoxicity revealed that FMB extract is safer than conventional extract. Moreover, significant pinocytic activity was observed in FMB extract as compared to conventional extract while similar results were observed in a splenocyte proliferation assay. In the case of anti-inflammatory activity, FMB extract showed better activity in comparison to conventional extract. Conclusively, the current study finds that FMB approaches can be a more effective substitute for conventional extracts by offering them a higher therapeutic value.
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