One of the most studied or researched sector is probiotics. The probiotic sector has generated hundreds of publications, products and also created awareness of public health benefits. Probiotics means “live microorganisms (usually bacteria) that are similar to beneficial microorganisms found in the human gut that are taken as dietary supplements or found in foods.” Such work will include, competitive exclusion, generating inhibitory components, a striving for the same nutrients and interference with quorum sensing mechanism and improved immunity. Probiotic one of the most reliable approach to combat fish disease for sustainable aquaculture. This microbial intervention approach can boost fish yield by improving feed utilization, nevertheless provide protection from pathogens by different modes of action. The use probiotic containing food has the beneficial properties has been known for centuries in human health however research in probiotics for aquaculture was a journey from last two decades. Here we are discussing the role of probiotics in aquatic animal and aquaculture environment, particularly focusing on their functional changes such as growth promoter, biocontrol and bioremediation agents, interrupt the action of pathogens by producing inhibitory substances. Finally gut morphology of rohu, Labeo ruhita were compared between probiotic and basal diet fed fishes.
Biofilm of Aeromonas hydrophila oral vaccine was evaluated on growth and histopathological features of striped catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish were fed with feed incorporating biofilm (BF) or free cell (FC) of A. hydrophila vaccine at 1010 cells/fish/day for 20 days and basal feed for 60 days. From 30th day onwards, till end of the trial, the mean weight gain (g/fish) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in BF treated group than both FC and control group. At the end of the study, histopathological changes in gills, liver and kidney were evaluated using haematoxylin eosin technique. The histopathological findings, in BF fed P. hypophthalmus, showed normal architechture of the gills, liver and kidney. However, fishes fed on FC and control group, resulted several histopathological abnormalities in all the organs.
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