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We present a case of desmoplastic cerebral astrocytoma of infancy (DCAI) in a 9-month-old boy including immunohistochemical and proliferative activity studies. It was mainly composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes and desmoplastic stroma. Studies with Ki-67 and synthetic phase fraction disclosed a low proliferative activity. Flow cytometric study revealed diploidy pattern. These findings suggest a positive correlation with the favorable prognosis.

A novel design of frequency multiplier using a feedforward technique and a defected ground structure (DGS) is proposed. The feedforward loop in the proposed frequency multiplier suppresses the fundamental component (fo), the dumb-bell or spiral shaped DGS diminish unwanted harmonics such as second, third, fourth. Due to the combination of the feedforward structure and the DGS, only the multiplied frequency component (2fu, 3fo, 4fo) appears at the output port and the other unwanted components are suppressed excellently. The frequency multipliers are designed at 1 GHz of fo, by the proposed technique and measured. The measured output power of 2fo, 3fo, 4fo is -2.59 dBm, -5.36 dBm, -4.57 dBm, respectively, when the input power is 0 dBm.

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Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a novel composition of multifunctional sunblock (NCMFS) by combining extracts from Eisenia bicyclis (E. bicyclis) and Aloe vera (A. vera) with a mixture of micron-and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2) powders, which are MP-100 and MPT-136, respectively, characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties. Methods: The mixed compound was prepared by combining micron-TiO 2 and nano-TiO 2 particles. The NCMFS was prepared by combining E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts with the mixed compound. The physicochemical properties (particle shape and size) of the mixed compound and UV, infrared (IR), and thermal blocking efficiency of each compound were analyzed. Results: Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the mixed compounds showed that the optimum ratio of mixing MP-100 and MPT-136 was 2.5:7.5. Measurement of sun protection factor (SPF) and protection grade of UV-A (PA) values of A. vera, E. bicyclis, and mixed extracts and NCMFS showed that the NCMFS mixture had the highest values, which were 34.35±0.36 and 34.87±0.36, respectively. Similarly, upon measuring the SPF and PA values, the highest values, 34.39±0.41 and 34.37±0.52, respectively, were measured for NCMFS and compared to the values of each single compound or the mixed compound. In addition, it was found NCMFS has excellent antifine dust adhesion rate and water-resistant properties. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggested that the NCMFS consisting of the mixture of TiO 2 and E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts has not only UV, IR, and thermal-blocking activity but also antidust protectant and water-resistance properties.