Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop a novel composition of multifunctional sunblock (NCMFS) by combining extracts from Eisenia bicyclis (E. bicyclis) and Aloe vera (A. vera) with a mixture of micron-and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO 2) powders, which are MP-100 and MPT-136, respectively, characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-blocking properties. Methods: The mixed compound was prepared by combining micron-TiO 2 and nano-TiO 2 particles. The NCMFS was prepared by combining E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts with the mixed compound. The physicochemical properties (particle shape and size) of the mixed compound and UV, infrared (IR), and thermal blocking efficiency of each compound were analyzed. Results: Analysis of the physicochemical properties of the mixed compounds showed that the optimum ratio of mixing MP-100 and MPT-136 was 2.5:7.5. Measurement of sun protection factor (SPF) and protection grade of UV-A (PA) values of A. vera, E. bicyclis, and mixed extracts and NCMFS showed that the NCMFS mixture had the highest values, which were 34.35±0.36 and 34.87±0.36, respectively. Similarly, upon measuring the SPF and PA values, the highest values, 34.39±0.41 and 34.37±0.52, respectively, were measured for NCMFS and compared to the values of each single compound or the mixed compound. In addition, it was found NCMFS has excellent antifine dust adhesion rate and water-resistant properties. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggested that the NCMFS consisting of the mixture of TiO 2 and E. bicyclis and A. vera extracts has not only UV, IR, and thermal-blocking activity but also antidust protectant and water-resistance properties.
Purpose: This study aims to establish the appropriate conditions for induction and proliferation of callus from the flower stalk of Calanthe discolor Lindl. (CFS) and to analyze the antioxidant properties as well as the skin irritation level of its extracts.Methods: Murashige & Skoog medium was used to induce the callus from CFS with NB0 (α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) 0 mg/L, benzyl adenine (BA) 0 mg/L), NB1 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.1 mg/L), NB5 (NAA 0.2 mg/L, BA 0.5 mg/L), and NB10 (0.2 mg/L, BA 1.0 mg/L) as plant growth regulators (PGR). The callus powder was extracted by ultrasonic treatment, and the total phenolic contents (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, and human skin irritation test using callus extracts were performed.Results: As a result of callus induction from CFS with PGR, NB5 showed the highest growth rate of callus with a weight of 4.2±0.3 g. The TPC of the callus extracts NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10 were 33.71±0.27, 37.59±0.51, 46.26±0.18, and 55.92±0.33 mg GAE/g, respectively. NB10 showed the highest value of DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of NB0, NB1, NB5, and NB10, in various concentrations. CFS callus extract showed very low human skin irritation compared to that of the control group, 10% SLS.Conclusion: The optimal PGR condition for induction of CFS callus was established as NB10. CFS callus extracts can be used as functional materials for cosmetics as it has significant antioxidant activity and low skin irritation value.
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