AbstrakAgroindustri gula merah tebu merupakan agroindustri yang mengolah tebu hasil perkebunan rakyat menjadi gula merah (Saka). Pasokan bahan baku dan pengolahannya yang masih tradisional menimbulkan berbagai masalah dalam pengembangannya termasuk risiko rantai pasoknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sumber dan faktor risiko serta melakukan evaluasi dan pengendalian risiko yang dianalisis menggunakan ANP (Analytical Network Process) serta wawancara mendalam dengan pakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi (24,42%) merupakan sumber risiko utama dan diikuti risiko pemasaran (20,19%), risiko sumber daya manusia (18,75%), risiko finansial (18,37%) dan risiko kelembagaan (18,27%). Penilaian terhadap prioritas jenis risiko yang potensial terjadi adalah risiko kualitas produk, fluktuasi harga dan kebijakan pemerintah. Faktor OKP (Operational Key Process) menjadi prioritas utama dalam manajemen rantai pasok Saka dengan lebih ditekankan pada perbaikan manajemen produksi (41,17%). Alternatif utama dalam pengendalian risiko yang akan dilakukan adalah dengan cara melemahkan risiko (42,21%). Hal ini dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan kualitas bahan baku dan teknologi pengolahan Saka serta dukungan pemerintah termasuk dalam menjaga stabilitas harga Saka. Kata kunci: analytical network process, gula merah tebu, manajemen risiko, rantai pasok Abstract Brown Sugar cane agroindustry is agroindustry that traditionally processes sugar cane supplied by farmers into brown sugar (Saka). This condition creates various problems in its development, including its supply chain risk. This study aims to identify sources and risk factors as well as evaluate and control risks analyzed using ANP (Analytical Network Process)and in-depth interviews with experts. The results showed that production (24,42%) was the main risk and was followed by marketing risk (20,19%), human resources risk (18,75%), financial risk (18,37%) and institutional risk (18,27%). An assessment of the potential types of risks is the risk of product quality, price fluctuations, and government policies. OKP (Operational Key Process) factor is a top priority in Saka supply chain management with more emphasis on improving production management (41.17%). The main alternative in risk control will be carried out by weakening the risk (42.21%). This will be done by improving the quality of raw materials, improving the manufacture technology of Saka, and government support, including to keep the stability of Saka's prices.
The selling price of thinly sliced young areca nut is higher than that round areca and splited areca nut, but the manual slicing process takes a long time, about 8 minutes/kg, and this process has a high risk. The young areca nut slicing machine was developed to solve the problem of manual slicing. The purpose of the research is to conduct machine design, machine testing (verification test, machine performance test, service test), and economic analysis. The young areca nut slicing machine was made and tested at the Metal Workshop and Agricultural Machine Tool Laboratory of the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic from June to September 2021. The machine was made according to structural and functional designs. Verification tests were carried out with the aim of technically matching the data with the results of machine measurements. Parameter measurements were carried out to explain the performance of the young areca slicing machine. The parameters measured were: slicing capacity, slicing quality (average thickness and percentage of damage), specific power requirements, and power transmission efficiency. Economic analysis was carried out to explain fixed costs, variable costs, basic costs, and the break-even point. The results of the verification of the areca nut slicing machine are that with vertical type, specifications 65 x 45 x 75) cm, the driving motor is a 1 HP electric motor with a rotation speed of 1480 RPM that is transmitted through a v-belt connected to a pulley speed reducer and transmitted via a v-belt to slicer shaft. The results of the slicing capacity performance test are 50 kg/hour, slicing quality (4.2 mm thickness, and 8 percent broken percentage), the specific power requirement is 0.015 kw-hour/kg and the power transmission efficiency of 8.6%. The results of the economic analysis of the areca nut slicing machine are: fixed costs of IDR of 1,425,000/year, variable costs of IDR 11,397/hour, basic cost of IDR 239,8/kg, and the break-even point of IDR 1.845,7 kg/year. The developed areca nut slicing machine can increase the capacity, quality, and effectiveness of slicing young areca nut.
Pengupasan kulit kopi sangat berpengaruh pada kualitas kopi yang dihasilkan. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengupasan kopi tradisional adalah waktu dan energi yang digunakan terlalu besar. Alat pengupas kopi berfungsi untuk mengupas atau memisahkan kulit kopi dari biji kopi dan diharapkan bisa membantu petani dalam mengupas hasil dengan maksimal dan efektif. Alat pengupas kopi berkapasitas 200 kg/jam. Hasil analisa ekonomi teknik alat pengupas kopi didapat biaya tetap Rp. 1.179.630/tahun, biaya tidak tetap Rp. 16.069/jam, biaya pokok Rp. 82/kg dan Break Event Point (BEP) 1.567 kg/tahun.
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