Due to the limited number of molecular studies focused on European gene pool investigation, it is necessary to perform plant material recognition. Eighteen accessions of three Miscanthus species, namely, M. × giganteus, M. sinensis, M. sacchariflorus were evaluated with the use of molecular marker systems such as: inter simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and by estimation of ploidy level based on flow cytometry. As a result, only one ISSR primer (ISSR1) and three RAPD primers (RAPD1, RAPD2, RAPD4) were required to identify all genotypes. Moreover, the use of the above mentioned molecular markers enable the proper species recognition of the interspecific hybrid M. × giganteus “Floridulus,” which has been previously mislabeled as M. floridulus. The highest genetic similarity coefficient (0.94) was observed between M. × giganteus clones, which indicates that the genetic diversity within this species was very low. Whereas M. sinensis genotypes represented a relatively wide diversity with similarity coefficient of 0.58. Cluster analysis using UPGMA grouped the 18 accessions in three clusters according to species affiliation including relabeled M. × giganteus “Floridulus,” which proved to be closely related to M. × giganteus. Similar groupings were evident in the PCoA analysis.
Since M. sinensis Anderss., M. sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. and M. ×giganteus J.M.Greef & Deuter ex Hodk. and Renvoize have considerably the highest potential for biomass production among Miscanthus Anderss. species, there is an urgent need to broaden the knowledge about cytological characteristics required for their improvement. In this study our objectives were to assess the genome size variation among eighteen Miscanthus accessions, as well as estimation of the monoploid genome size (2C and Cx) of the M. sinensis cultivars, which have not been analyzed yet. The characterization of three Miscanthus species was performed with the use of flow cytometry and analysis of the stomatal length. The triploid (2n = 3x = 57) M. sinensis 'Goliath' and M. ×gigan-teus clones possessed the highest 2C DNA content (8.34 pg and 7.43 pg, respectively). The intermediate 2C-values were found in the nuclei of the diploid (2n = 2x = 38) M. sinensis accessions (5.52-5.72 pg), whereas they were the lowest in the diploid (2n = 2x = 38) M. sacchariflorus ecotypes (4.58-4.59 pg). The presented study revealed interspecific variation of nuclear DNA content (P<0.01) and therefore allowed for recognition of particular taxa, inter-and intraspecific hybrids and prediction of potential parental components. Moreover, intraspecific genome size variation (P<0.01) was observed in M. sinensis cultivars at 3.62%. The values of the stomatal size obtained for the triploid M. ×giganteus 'Great Britain' (mean 30.70 μm) or 'Canada' (mean 29.67 μm) and diploid M. sinensis 'Graziella' (mean 29.96 μm) did not differ significantly, therefore this parameter is not recommended for ploidy estimation.K Ke ey yw wo or rd ds s: : Flow cytometry, intraspecific variation, Miscanthus, nuclear DNA content, stomatal size
Wyczerpywanie naturalnych pokładów paliw konwencjonalnych oraz wzrastająca emisja gazów cieplarnianych zmuszają do poszukiwania alternatywnych zasobów energetycznych. Zgodnie z założeniami Dyrektywy 2009/28/WE, Polska jako kraj członkowski Unii Europejskiej, zobligowana jest to zwiększenia udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii w finalnym jej zużyciu do 15% w 2020 r. Największy udział zarówno w europejskim, jak i polskim bilansie energii odnawialnej ma biomasa stała. Z powyższych względów coraz większego znaczenia nabierają uprawy roślin energetycznych. Wieloletnie trawy z rodzaju Miscanthus postrzegane są jako potencjalny surowiec do produkcji biomasy. W artykule przedstawione zostały zagadnienia związane z historią sprowadzenia miskanta olbrzymiego do Europy i Polski, charakterystyką dostępnej puli genetycznej, a także doświadczeniami z zakresu uprawy i hodowli wraz z cechami wymagającymi ulepszenia.
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