O Programa de Volta para Casa (PVC) visa contribuir para a inserção social de pessoas que estiveram internadas ao menos dois anos ininterruptos em hospital psiquiátrico. A pesquisa objetivou identificar o impacto desse programa, assim como do Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC), para a efetivação das ações de desinstitucionalização. Durante seis meses foram utilizadas técnicas de observação participante em duas Residências Terapêuticas localizadas em Salvador-BA, incluindo conversas informais com profissionais desses espaços e do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) que os administrava. Também foi realizada pesquisa documental em documentos oficiais referentes ao PVC. Os dados observados no cotidiano das residências sugerem que há um processo de burocratização e pouca autonomia em torno do uso do dinheiro, além de faltarem estratégias efetivas para a produção do empoderamento dos beneficiários do PVC. Observa-se a necessidade de um maior investimento em educação permanente dos profissionais, bem como de um significativo fortalecimento das chamadas "estratégias de desinstitucionalização" previstas pela Rede de Atenção Psicossocial.
Studies indicate gaps in knowledge about the barriers to access and adhere to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in adolescents. In this article, we explore the perceptions and experiences of young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YGBMSM) of the search, use and adherence to PrEP, considering their positions according to social markers of difference such as race/skin color, gender, sexuality, and social status. Intersectionality provides theoretical and methodological tools to interpret how the interlinking of these social markers of difference constitutes barriers and facilitators in the PrEP care continuum. The analyzed material is part of the PrEP1519 study and is comprised of 35 semi-structured interviews with YGBMSM from two Brazilian capitals (Salvador and São Paulo). The analyses suggest connections between social markers of difference, sexual cultures, and the social meanings of PrEP. Subjective, relational and symbolic aspects permeate the awareness of PrEP in the range of prevention tools. Willingness to use and adhere to PrEP is part of a learning process, production of meaning, and negotiation in the face of getting HIV and other sexually transmittable infections and the possibilities of pleasure. Thus, accessing and using PrEP makes several adolescents more informed about their vulnerabilities, leading to more informed decision-making. Interlinking the PrEP continuum of care among YGBMSM with the intersections of the social markers of difference may provide a conceptual framework to problematize the conditions and effects of implementing this prevention strategy, which could bring advantages to HIV prevention programs.
Vulnerable populations are at increased risk for HIV/AIDS, especially adolescent men who have sex with men (AMSM) and adolescent travestis and transgender women (ATGW). Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is one component of combination HIV prevention and is already available for these populations in Brazil. However, ensuring its uptake entails certain challenges since inequality and barriers have traditionally marked access and linkage to the related public health services. Peer navigation could be a way of mediating the linkage process because it involves peers keeping track of others’ care schedules, dynamically fostering linkage to care according to the needs of users and the actors involved in their everyday care contexts. Therefore, this study proposes analyzing peer-navigator-mediated linkage to PrEP care for 15- to 19-year-old MSM and transgender women from the PrEP1519 project in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. In total, 15 field notebooks/diaries, written in April-July 2019, by four peer navigators were analyzed, as were the transcripts of one focal group and 20 semi-structured interviews with adolescents (17 MSM and three trans women) between June and December 2019. Linkage via peer navigator and participant is influenced by emotional dynamics and shared personal characteristics. It is fluid and unstable and calls for care practices to be shaped to meet each participant’s needs. For peer navigation to be adopted as a care strategy for sexually transmitted infection prevention and treatment, it should envisage not only increased linkage to care but also sensitivity to service users’ specific characteristics and lived experiences.
Background Adolescent men who have sex with men (aMSM) and transgender women (aTGW) are affected disproportionately by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Although new methods of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), such as long-acting injectable (LAI-PrEP), have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration, their acceptability among aMSM/aTGW is not well known. Methods Forty-eight semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess the knowledge and interest in LAI-PrEP among aMSM/aTGW enrolled in a daily oral PrEP cohort from two capital cities of Brazil since 2019. Results Previous knowledge of LAI-PrEP remains scarce, but the high interest regarding its use has been reported. Interest in the use of LAI-PrEP is associated with eliminating the burden of daily responsibility or the risk of missing the necessary medications, lowering the costs of this method, increasing confidentiality, and decreasing the frequency of visiting PrEP clinics. The reported barriers to uptake included fear of injection, doubts on its effectiveness, side effects, and greater dependence on a health provider. Conclusions There is an urgent need to strengthen the preventive strategies against HIV infection among the youth, enhance their knowledge and those of healthcare providers, and offer safe and new options.
This paper analyzed the genesis of the PrEP1519 study and feasibility conditions for its construction. A qualitative-approach study was conducted using the Bourdieusian sociology framework to reconstruct the dynamics of the social environment where PrEP1519 emerged during 2015-2018. A document analysis and ten in-depth interviews were carried out to analyze the trajectory of the project. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was introduced in Brazil as a public policy in 2017. The lack of scientific evidence available among the adolescent population led to the development of a demonstrative cohort study, associated with an intervention, aimed at combining the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections at three sites in Brazil. PrEP1519 sought to generate evidence for global use and to help the Brazilian Ministry of Health apply PrEP among adolescents. The articulation of bureaucratic, scientific, and activist stakeholders enabled this study. The feasibility conditions for developing PrEP1519 included a favorable relationship of national organizations with international organizations, the favorable approach that public administrators had at the time towards new technologies and prevention strategies, the researchers’ previous experience in studies with the target population or with PrEP, articulation efforts with social movements, civil society organizations, and other public agencies, and the integration between scientific institutions, which allowed using international resources and developing a response to the problem. Completing this study at a moment when conservatism advances in Brazil demands that the scientific community and activists closely monitor and take stances on PrEP to ensure its availability for adolescents as a public policy.
This study offers a set of reflections on the relationship between risk and pleasure in the field of HIV prevention and care, as it mediates new biomedical prevention/care technologies, particularly pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), among men who have sex with men (MSM). We begin by investigating some studies about condomless sex between men, more specifically barebacking and PrEP use among young MSM. We base our analysis on the assumption that PrEP, as one of these new actants, has reconfigured the field of HIV prevention/care, especially in relation to the dimensions of risk and pleasure, with the potential to considerably reduce the chances of HIV infection while enabling maximum pleasure and a sense of greater safety and freedom. Despite this progress, we also problematize some of the ambivalences, tensions, and moral conflicts that still exist in the field of prevention, especially the potential for condomless sex. Finally, taking a praxiographic perspective on health care and foregrounding the situated practices of human and non-human actors/actants in interaction, we consider HIV/AIDS prevention as a more fluid, non-linear, erratic phenomenon that involves multiple types of knowledge, feelings, and participations, and is open to different kinds of experimentation. Besides a “logic of choice”, we hold that health care is a permeable, continuous process that is enacted in situated practices and may produce different effects in response to a heterogeneous network of interactions.
Il s’agit de rendre visibles les usages multiples possibles de la photographie dans les recherches portant sur la santé et les vulnérabilités, en s’appuyant sur trois travaux menés au Brésil. Dans le premier, la photographie est une source documentaire pour révéler des significations attribuées à la folie ou à la normalité dans le contexte de la clinique psychiatrique à différentes époques, et pour rendre compte d’expériences locales créatives plus récentes, dans le cadre de la Réforme psychiatrique brésilienne. Puis, à partir d’un récit d’images de chorégraphies de corps-qui-travaillent-dans-la-marée, la photographie permet aux lecteurs d’élargir leur compréhension du travail quotidien de cueilleuses de crustacés insulaires. Enfin, nous partageons l’expérience d’une recherche-action qui a mis en place des ateliers d’autoportrait de jeunes noirs d’un quartier populaire de Salvador, pour promouvoir des pratiques corporelles et sexuelles saines et l’empowerment ethnico-racial et de genre. Portant un regard sensible sur des groupes touchés par l’invisibilité sociale, la vulnérabilité ou un certain degré de stigmatisation, ces travaux révèlent des inégalités sociales et politiques, historiquement construites. Des expériences mises en écho qui renforcent les dimensions heuristiques et sensibles de la photographie, dont la place dans la recherche contribue à préserver les capacités d’imaginer et de créer, si nécessaires pour aller au-delà du mimétisme méthodologique qui s’est emparé de la production de la connaissance.
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