Objective: To determine correlation between systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels and selected signs and symptoms among different gender and age groups of hypertensive patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at urban hospital after taking ethical approval, among patients with self-reported history of hypertension and on anti-hypertensive medication. After taking ethical approval, a total of 372 patients aged 18 or above were included in the study by employing convenient sampling technique. A detailed history was taken from each patient about hypertension associated symptoms with the help of a questionnaire whereas designed specifically for the study. Blood pressure was measured using sphygmomanometer with stethoscope. SPSS version 20 was used to analyse the collected data and the duration of study was 6 months. Results: Among males older age, belonging to older age group >40 years, having more height and positive history of irregular heartbeat/palpitation were highly correlated with increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001 for all), among females, positive history of sleep apnoea was highly correlated with increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and having more height and positive history of sleep apnoea were highly correlated with increase in diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001 for both), among <40 years old milder change in urinary frequency was highly correlated with increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) whereas among >40 years old positive history of headache, vertigo, sleep apnoea and irregular heartbeat/palpitation were highly correlated with increase in systolic blood pressure (p<0.001 for all) and having more height was highly correlated with increase in diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001). Conclusion: Among other signs and symptoms, positive history of irregular heartbeat/palpitation was found to be significantly correlated with both high systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels in both males and females as well as in >40 years old patients.
Objective: Diabetes Mellitus has been observed to be related with low thiamine levels in the body, as it affects directly on carbohydrate metabolism. Therefore, this study was intended to assessdemographic characteristics and serum thiamine levels in type I and type II diabetic patients and healthy control group. Methodology: This was a case-control study carried out in diabetic outpatient department (OPD) of Urban Health Center and New Karachi, Hospital. The duration of the study was about six months after approval of synopsis. The study sample included 90 participants and divided into three groups, 30 participants each in the control, type I diabetes and type II diabetes groups. Patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus of both genders with age < 25 to > 46 years were included in the study. One Way ANOVA was applied to find out the significance of differences among the groups. Results: The study results showed that out of 90 participants, 33(36.7%) were males and 57(63.3%) were females; 1(1.1%) of them had low thiamine level, 17(18.9%) had normal thiamine level whereas 72(80.0%) had high thiamine level. It was observed that significant association found between thiamine levels and age groups (p<0.001). Furthermore, 18(60.0%) had Low/Normal thiamine level and 12(40.0%) had high thiamine level in type I diabetes patients while 30(100%) in control group and Type II Diabetic patients had high thiamine level with significant association between them (p<0.001). On the other hand, an insignificant association was found between gender and low and high thiamine levels (p=0.743). Conclusion: This study concluded that both the age and group types were significantly associated with thiamine levels of the participants. Furthermore, type I Diabetes patients had significantly lower thiamine levels as compared to type II Diabetes and controls. On the other hand, there was no significant relationship of gender with thiamine levels.
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