The objectives of this study were to detect the presence of Vibrio cholerae in tropical estuaries (Northeastern Brazil) and to search for virulence factors in the environmental isolates. Water and sediment samples were inoculated onto a vibrio-selective medium (TCBS), and colonies with morphological resemblance to V. cholerae were isolated. The cultures were identified phenotypically using a dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics. The total DNA extracted was amplified by PCR to detect ompW and by multiplex PCR to detect the virulence genes ctx, tcp, zot and rfbO1. The results of the phenotypic and genotypic identification were compared. Nine strains of V. cholerae were identified phenotypically, five of which were confirmed by detection of the species-specific gene ompW. The dichotomous key was efficient at differentiating environmental strains of V. cholerae. Strains of V. cholerae were found in all four estuaries, but none possessed virulence genes.
Background. Diabetes is a metabolic disease linked to multiple comorbidities, such as low-grade inflammation. β-pinene, a monoterpene commonly found in aromatic plants, is endowed with anti-inflammatory effect and this fact lead us to investigate the possible hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of the monoterpene in the alloxan-induced diabetes experimental model. Methods. Male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were treated orally with β-pinene (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), for seven consecutive days. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (40 mg/kg) through the penile vein. On the seventh day of treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The anti-inflammatory effect of β-pinene was evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model, followed by the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. Results. The treatment with β-pinene decreased plasma glucose, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, and HDL levels, when compared to those of the control group. In addition, the association β-pinene 10 mg/kg + glibenclamide 2 mg/kg significantly decreased blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride level. Finally, oral treatment with β-pinene reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema and leukocyte migration in the peritoneum. Taken together, our results indicate that β-pinene shows hypoglycemic and hypolipemic effects, which may involve some common mechanisms of glibenclamide. Besides, the monoterpene presented an anti-inflammatory action in diabetic rats that needs further investigation in order to clarify such effect and its correlation with the alterations observed in plasma parameters of β-pinene-treated diabetic rats.
On the Brazilian continental shelf, red spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) constitute a separate population with two distinct stocks, one in shallow waters (<50 m) and one in deeper waters (50-100 m). Stocks are highly exploited, especially undersized animals «75 mm CL) and older individuals. The observed decline in spiny lobster landings over the past two decades is believed to be due to overfishing in shallow waters, since over half the harvested lobsters are below the minimum legal size (75 mm CL), with a length at first capture of 61 mm CL. Spawning lobsters in deeper waters measure 96 mm CL at first capture; this coincides with the size class (90-99 mm CL) with the greatest reproductive potential. Furthermore, the capture of berried females and older lobsters (>135 mm CL) from deeper waters increases the risk of low recruitment and fishing collapse. The observed change in fishing patterns appears to be the consequence of increased fishing mortality (F) among pre-recruits. This is possibly the main cause of the large fluctuations observed in landings, although other factors, such as the interplay between environmental conditions and recruitment abundance, may have to be considered. Our results show that increasing the minimum legal size of red lobsters is likely to improve total landings in the long term, provided appropriate and tightly enforced control measures are designed and implemented. RESUMONa plataforma continental brasileira, a lagosta vermeUia Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) constitui uma populaçào fechada, com dois estoques distintos, uma em aguas rasas (<50 m) e um outro em aguas mais profundas (50-100 m). Ambos os estoques sao altamente explorados, especialmente animais jovens com tamanho inferior ao mínimo legal (^75 mm CL) e individuos mais veüios. O decKnio observado nos desembarques de lagostas ao longo das últimas duas décadaŝ ) IMPACT OF LOBSTER SIZE ON COMMERCIAL CATCHES 1275 se acredita ser devido a sobrepesca do crescimento em aguas rasas, ja que mais da metade das lagostas colhidas estäo abaixo tamanho mínimo legal (75 mm CL), considerando um comprimento de primeira captura de 61 mm CL. Lagostas que desovam em aguas mais profundas tem um comprimento de primeira captura de 96 mm CL, classe de tamanho (90-99 CL mm) que coincide com a de maior potencial reprodutivo. Além disso, a captura de fêmeas ovígeras e lagostas mais velhas (> 135 CL mm) em aguas mais profundas aumenta o risco de baixo recrutamento e colapso de pesca. A mudança observada no padrâo de pesca parece ser a conseqiiência do incremento da mortalidade por pesca (E) entre os pré-recrutas. Esta é possivelmente a principal causa dos grandes flutuaçôes observadas nos desembarques, embora outros latores, como a interaçâo entre as condiçôes ambientáis e abundancia de recrutamento, devam ter que ser consideradas. Os resultados mostram que o aumento do tamanho mínimo legal de captura de lagosta vermelha seja susceptível para melhorar os desembarques no longo prazo, desde que medidas apropriadas de controle sejam fi...
Gender violence consists of a rising world phenomenon that wounds human dignity by countering equality among peoples, with fatal outcomes occurring in all social classes and preferably within the domestic sphere. Corresponding to the male population the exercise of domination by physical and psychological force usually against their partner. The purpose of this study was to understand the perception of the women assisted in the Basic Health Units on gender violence, as well as to know what the BHUs are / can do to prevent it in its territoriality. For this, an integrative review of the literature was carried out, where articles were selected in the databases Scielo, Pubmed and Lilacs, according to the descriptors Violence, woman, public health, gender. Inclusion criteria were articles that were consistent with the theme and were available in full between 2015 and 2018, in English and Portuguese, and excluding articles that did not meet the pre-established criteria. A total of 32 articles were found, in which 10 articles were selected. In which one can conclude the great fragility of the woman affected by violence by the fact that the companions are the main aggressors, involving extremely subjective factors, such as love, affection, the family built next to this man, these being the reasons for the challenge of breaking with violence and that the role of the UBS in relation to this type of violence still has a deficiency due to the little clarification that they have about the possibilities of conduct on the subject.
As Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST's) são causadas por vários agentes biológicos e com diversas formas de contaminação. Algumas dessas infecções são assintomáticas podendo se manifestar durante semanas ou até meses, As IST´s demonstram índices significativos presentemente, os indivíduos não estão tomando as devidas precauções, mundialmente a melhor forma de prevenção é o uso da camisinha. Todavia, os profissionais da saúde, principalmente o farmacêutico, estão aptos a sempre auxiliar e orientar a sociedade. O objetivo deste comment é conhecer a assistência farmacêutica em orientação e prevenção aos portadores de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Os critérios de inclusão e exclusão considerados foram: Artigos publicados nos idiomas Português, Inglês e Espanhol, nos anos de 2016 a 2020. Os descritores que foram utilizados para identificar os artigos que fundamentaram esta temática, foram pesquisados na plataforma DeCs: Cuidados farmacêuticos; Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis; Prevenção primária. A assistência farmacêutica se mostra efetiva na promoção do controle das IST’s fornecendo orientações sobre essas patologias, porém, é possível perceber que ainda há um distanciamento da população para a procura desse serviço.
As epidemias são enfermidades que alarmam toda a população de maneira geral e isto ocorre desde a antiguidade. No Brasil relatos de doenças epidêmicas são bastante relatadas, pois além de um país em desenvolvimento também é localizado em uma zona tropical o que auxilia na reprodução de vetores para promoção de doenças. Para impedir tais acontecimentos são tomadas medidas de prevenções e preparações dos profissionais de saúde, entre eles o farmacêutico que auxilia nas medidas preventivas, melhores meio para tratamento, notificações e fiscalizaçôes de casos, descobertas de vacinas e medicações.
A reflexão que se procurará desenvolver neste texto, nasceu da tentativa de resposta às seguintes questões: A liderança em contexto escolar é diferente da liderança em contextos empresariais? Há uma cultura de avaliação do desempenho organizacional das organizações educativas?No pressuposto de que a ação do diretor escolar e a sua liderança são fortemente indutores e estimuladores de climas e ambientes organizacionais que favorecem a organizaçãoescolar e o seu bom desempenho, a liderança escolar ganhou prioridade na esfera das políticas públicas de educação pelo papel que lhe é atribuído no desenvolvimento da escola ao considerar-se a sua forte influência nas motivações e capacitação dos professores e de outros atores escolares, nos contextos e ambientes escolares.
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