Aim: Few studies in the literature specifically address the hardiness of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the primary aim of this study was to assess the impact of COVID-19 on the hardiness levels in an Italian cohort of nurses. The secondary aims were to assess the level of hardiness in nurses directly caring for patients with COVID-19 and to verify the presence of related risk and promoting factors. Methods: A descriptive and explorative study was performed through an online survey from March to July 2020. The survey was composed of a multiple answer questionnaire with open, closed, and semi-closed-ended questions. Hardiness and anxiety were assessed using two psychometric instruments: the Dispositional Resilience Scale (DRS-15) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y). Results: A total of 1250 nurses completed the questionnaire entirely (92.3% of respondents). The average length of service was 17.8 ± 11.5 years. A decrease in the hardiness was recorded after the first wave of COVID-19 if compared to the baseline (mean Δ DRS-15 total = 1.3 ± 5.0), whereas in the subsample of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients, the total hardiness level decreased more consistently (mean Δ DRS Total = 1.9 + 5.3). Multivariate analysis showed that high levels of anxiety were risk factors for reducing hardiness. In contrast, anxiety, when associated with a greater length of service, was a promoting factor for the increase in hardiness. Conclusions:The correlation between anxiety and years of length of service appears to be pivotal. Future research should focus on the role of anxiety to establish its actual role as a predictor of hardiness.
Background: Non-technical skills (NTS) are the cognitive and social skills that integrate the technical skills of a worker. In healthcare systems, NTS exert positive effects on patients’ safety and healthcare professionals’ efficiency.Aim: This study aims to assess the degree of NTS knowledge, before and after a workshop administered to a group of 17 nursing students attending a critical care nursing postgraduate course at the University of Florence.Methods: A cross-over design study was conducted. The workshop was composed of short lectures on “fundamentals of teamworking” and “team building and communication”, followed by team activities and gaming. At the end of the day a medical “escape room” about a shock scenario, was developed and run by the students. A questionnaire investigating participants’ entertainment and self-evaluation of NTS use, was administered at the end of the simulation sessions.Results: A sample of 17 nurses was enrolled. Pre-posttests were completed by 16 participants. Seventy-five % (n=12) of the respondents found the team working activities exciting. Most of the participants (62.5%, n=10) considered the “escape shock room game” enjoyable and stimulating and would recommend the learning activities to other healthcare professionals (75%, n=12). Compared to pre-test scores, statistically, significant improvements in NTS understanding were found on the topics of “team building” (p<0.001; r= -0.60), “teamworking” (p= 0.001; r= -0.56), “membership” (p= 0.001; r= -0.56), “hard skills” (p= 0.001; r= -0.57), “soft skills” (p=0.001; r= -0.56) and “situational awareness” (p< 0.001; r= -0.61) items.Conclusions: The process of NTS training is well accepted by critical care nursing students and can improve their competencies. Therefore, simulation based NTS training programs and gaming activities should be periodically implemented as part of Critical Care Nursing Postgraduate Courses.
Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in COVID-19 patients outside of intensive care unit (ICU) settings was a feasible support during the pandemic outbreak. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an “on the job” NIV training program provided to 66 nurses working in 3 COVID-19 wards in an Italian university hospital. Methods: A quasi-experimental longitudinal before–after study was designed. The NIV Team education program, provided by expert ICU nurses, included: 3 h sessions of training on the job during work-shifts about the management of helmet-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Venturi systems, and NIV with oronasal and full-face masks. An eleven-item “brief skills self-report tool” was administered before and after the program to explore the perception of NIV education program attendees about their level of skills. Results: In total, 59 nurses responded to the questionnaire. There was an improvement in the skill levels of the management of Helmet-CPAP (median before training 2, inter-quartile range (IQR) 0–6; median after training 8, IQR 3–9; p < 0.0001), and mask-NIV (median before training 2, IQR 0–6; median after training 8, IQR 3–9; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Training on the job performed by expert ICU nurses can be a valuable and fast means to implement new Helmet-CPAP and mask-NIV skills outside of ICUs.
Gli operatori sanitari direttamente coinvolti nella diagnosi, trattamento e cura/assistenza dei pazienti con COVID-19 sono a rischio di sviluppare distress psicologico e altri sintomi correlati alla salute mentale. L'obiettivo primario dello studio è misurare quanto l'emergenza COVID-19 abbia inciso sullo stato di ansia, le manifestazioni di insonnia e la capacità di resilienza degli operatori sanitari. Gli obiettivi secondari consistono nell'evidenziare eventuali differenze tra i livelli misurati delle tre variabili in relazione alle diverse caratteristiche demografiche del campione in studio.
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