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Neutrophils play important role in immunity and inflammation through diverse mechanisms. Reports from this lab and others have demonstrated involvement of NO in neutrophil adhesion, chemotaxis, bacterial killing, reactive oxygen species generation, neutrophil extracellular traps’ formation, and apoptosis. Constitutive expression of iNOS in human neutrophils has also been documented. The role of NO‐iNOS in neutrophil differentiation however remains ill‐defined. The present study was undertaken to understand the role of NO generated from iNOS in the neutrophil differentiation by using iNOS‐overexpressing K562 cells (K562iNOS) and iNOS‐deficient murine progenitor cells (lineage negative cells; lin‐ve). We observed that iNOS overexpression led to increased neutrophilic differentiation in K562 cells; more specifically an early and accelerated neutrophilic differentiation was spotted in K562iNOS. These observations were further validated using iNOS knockout lin‐ve cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells that exhibited delayed neutrophil differentiation in comparison to its wild‐type counterpart. In addition, a significant increase in the gene expression of iNOS during neutrophilic differentiation of CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells derived from human bone marrow further substantiates importance of iNOS in neutrophil differentiation. Moreover, a significant increase in NO generation during neutrophil differentiation was observed and enhanced neutrophil differentiation with NO donor was also observed, implying the importance of NO in neutrophil differentiation. Collectively, using alternative approaches, we demonstrated that neutrophil differentiation is significantly influenced by iNOS or NO, suggesting the possibility of exploiting this novel link for therapeutic aspects of NO generated from iNOS and neutrophil differentiation in hematopoiesis‐related disorders.

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