SARS-CoV-2 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and was met with lockdown policies to curb the spread of the disease. This meant that 890 million students in 114 countries would be affected by the closure of their educational institutes, affecting their mental health. Mental health disorders are suggested to have a well-correlated link to suicide which is the third most leading cause of death worldwide amongst children aged 15-19 years. According to WHO, 'health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease'. Hence the isolation brought about by SARS-CoV-2 is postulated to cause anxiety, fear, and depression amongst the pediatric population, due to the loss of socialization and separation from friends. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we highlight the major mental health issues in children aged 2-18 years, along with their causes, effects, and potential solutions to tackle these problems.

Abstract Objective: To compare open reduction with internal fixation of mandibular subcondylar fracture with closed reduction in terms of adequate mouth opening. Method: The randomised clinical trial was conducted from March 2014 to February 2015 at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, King Edward Medical University and Allied Hospitals, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients who presented with unilateral subcondylar fractures. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group-A patients were treated with closed reduction and immobilisation and were discharged the same day, while Group-B patients were treated by open reduction with internal fixation and retained in ward for 1 day. Both were recalled for periodic follow-ups, and were compared in terms of achieving adequate mouth opening. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 70 patients, 35(50%) were in each of the two groups. The mean age in Group-A was 28.88±11.86 years compared to 28.22±10.80 years in Group-B (p>0.05). Mean mouth opening in  the two groups were consistently positive, and significant at the last two follow-ups(p<0.001). Conclusion: The difference in results of both treatment modalities was significant, indicating that open reduction and internal fixation should be the preferred treatment. Key Words: Mandibular sub-condylar fracture, Open reduction, Closed reduction, Internal fixation, Mouth opening.

AbstractBone regeneration after trauma, pathologic and surgical procedures is considered a major medical challenge. Due to limitations in using conventional approaches, cell based regenerative strategies may provide an alternative option to address such issues. In the current study, we sought to determine the osteogenic potential of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) isolated from impacted 3rd molars. DPSCs were isolated from human dental pulp tissue (n=6) using explant culture. Growth characteristics of DPSCs were determined using plating efficiency, and the number and time of population doublings. After characterization, DPSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and were assessed using polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and histological analysis. Results indicated that DPSCs can be isolated from impacted human third molars, and that DPSCs exhibited typical fibroblastic morphology and excellent proliferative potential. In addition, morphological changes, histological analysis and expression of lineage specific genes confirmed osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. In conclusion, DPSCs isolated from impacted 3rd molars have high proliferative potential and ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.

Background: Kleeblattschädel skull, also known as the cloverleaf is a complex synostosis which presents with an enlarged tri-lobar skull resulting temporal bulging and a flat posterior skull, a rare find in the population. This pansynostosis is associated with other congenital syndromes which include Crouzon, Pfeifer, and Carpenter's. The genetic disorder Pfeiffer syndrome results from skull bones' premature fusion characterized by deformities of the hand and feet. The author reports a 10-month-old girl who presented with a tri-lobar skull and wide toes which is a significant finding of Pfeiffer syndrome. Case presentation: A 10-month-old girl presents with congenital obstructive hydrocephalus due to cloverleaf skull with horizontally enlarged head and large fontanelles. The child also had mid-facial hypoplasia and pre-axial bilateral lower limb polydactyly. Wide toes were also observed, an indicator of Pfeiffer's Syndrome. Computed tomography (CAT) scans grossly abnormal craniofacial appearances, with premature closure of the sagittal suture giving a cloverleaf skull appearance. There was also a significant thinning of the brain parenchyma. Conclusion: Premature closure of sutures leads to a forced growth in a plane perpendicular to the closed suture. Cloverleaf deformity can present with multiple syndromes such as Pfeiffer's. This leads to gross alteration of the skull with potential underlying morbidity.

<p>The only job which never gets a break is &lsquo;house service&rsquo; and with more people living at home the work just adds on. There was a sudden rise of &lsquo;reported&rsquo; domestic violence in many countries of the world. Media, social and print hold the key in disseminating awareness of household abuse and call upon neighbors, families and friends to report violence.</p>

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has proven time and time again to be a game-changer innovation in every walk of life, including medicine. Introduced by Dr. Gunn in 1976 to accurately diagnose acute abdominal pain and list potential differentials, AI has since come a long way. In particular, AI has been aiding in radiological diagnoses with good sensitivity and specificity by using machine learning algorithms. With the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, AI has proven to be more than just a tool to facilitate healthcare workers in decision making and limiting physician-patient contact during the pandemic. It has guided governments and key policymakers in formulating and implementing laws, such as lockdowns and travel restrictions, to curb the spread of this viral disease. This has been made possible by the use of social media to map severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 hotspots, laying the basis of the “smart lockdown” strategy that has been adopted globally. However, these benefits might be accompanied with concerns regarding privacy and unconsented surveillance, necessitating authorities to develop sincere and ethical government–public relations.

<p>Coronavirus disease- 2019 (COVID-19) presented as case of viral pneumonia of unknown etiology is diagnosed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test of the samples from upper and lower respiratory tract. It can present as a mild flu-like illness for healthy adults yet it may become a life-threatening disease for the immunocompromised, such as cancer patients, by predisposing them to respiratory pathogens which may manifest as life-endangering pneumonia. Physicians should carefully evaluate their patient&rsquo;s disease process and tailor treatment for individual patients to ensure that before doing beneficence, no further harm is done. Whether this is a wrinkle in time or the new normal, time will tell, but in light of recent evidence, &lsquo;extra&rsquo; caution is the way forward.</p>