The Mediterranean Diet has long been regarded as one of thepromising strategies for the prevention of cognitive impairmentand Alzheimer's disease. Aim: This study aimed to determinethe association between adherence to a MedDiet and the riskof cognitive impairment (CI) among the elderly in Morocco.Due to their complete data, a sample of 172 (56.4% men) from 237 subjects were included in our study. Cognitive functions were assessed by the MMSE test (Mini-Mental State Examina- tion). Adherence to a MedDiet was assessed using a validated questionnaire based on weekly consumption of the seven main MedDiet foods: non-refined cereals, potatoes, fruits (whole or in juice), vegetables (cooked or as salad), legumes, fish, olive oil, and three foods consumed less frequently in a MedDiet: red meats, poultry, and full-fat dairy products. A binary logistic regression was performed, with cognitive function as the dependent variable MedDiet adherence score as well as the aliment consumption frequency associated with CI in the bivariate analysis as an independent variable.The binary logistic regression adjusted for confounding vari- ables revealed that adherence to a MedDiet is not associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment (ORa= 0.928; 95% CI; [0.831-1.037]) (ORa: Adjusted Odd Ratio; 95% CI: 95% of Confidence Interval). However, only Olive Oil consumption was a protective factor against CI (ORa= 0.882; 95% CI; [0.815-0.953]).
Objectives Several epidemiological data indicate that chronic hyperglycemia is associated with behavioral changes such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. Date seeds, one of the most potent products with potential antioxidant activities and possess many benefits against hyperglycemia and its complication. The aim of the current study was to explore the potential effect of date seeds extract on biochemical and behavioral changes (anxiety and depression) in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Methods Rats were divided into four groups as follows: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with the lyophilized aqueous extract of the date seed (2,000 mg/kg) (LAE-DS) and diabetics treated with insulin (4 UI/day). Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). After 24 days treatment period, anxiety and depressive behaviors were evaluated using four behavioral tests. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected to evaluate lipid parameters. In addition, rat organs (kidney, liver and brain) were dissected out in order to estimate lipid peroxidation levels as oxidative stress marker. Results Oral administration of the lyophilized aqueous extract of date seeds and insulin injection for 30 days significantly decreased blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats and protected them against undesirable changes in lipid parameters, including cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis index. Compared to untreated diabetic rat, a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation levels in kidney, liver and brain (Hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) were observed after treatment with insulin or LAE-DS in diabetic rats. Furthermore, insulin and LAE-DS administration prevented anxiety-related behaviors in STZ-diabetic rats. Conclusions Therefore, it would be possible to combine this extract with insulin and use it as an antioxidant supplement for type 1 diabetic patients.
Social networks are effective and easy-to-use means of communication in the modern age technology. They remarkably influence the young users’ behavior being so entranced in such a virtual world which would easily develop into addiction. In this study we aim to measure the impact of addiction to Facebook on perception and working memory comparing two groups of young people, and how to protect scouting young people against this attachment or addiction. The study was carried out in the national center of scouting of Morocco at Ibn Tofail University on 53 master students with an average age of 24.45 years and 50 young scout leaders of Hassania Marocain scouting, who have an average age of 24.06. The educational level of these young people is between the 1st year of higher studies and the master degree. Digital test of complex Rey-Osterrieth figure and a Facebook addiction test questionnaire were used. The comparison of the means of attachment to Facebook between the two studied groups using T-test showed significant result (t = -2.510; P = .014 <0.05) with scout leaders demonstrated higher average of attachment to Facebook than that detected by master students. The results showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the hours consumed per day on Facebook and the perception and working memory. The perception of young Scout leaders is better than that of master students. We concluded that attachment to social networks influences working memory and perception, while the Scout method would serve as a new remedy for this scourge.
Nowadays, Public health concern on obesity and anemia has become very important disease in the world. Objective: In this study, we aim to examine the relationship between the overweight of diabetic patients from the Oujda-Angad region and their body iron status. Methods: A total of 114 patients aged between 18 and 70 years old. The patients were from the regional referral Center of Oujda-Angad. All patients had type 2 diabetes. They attended the centre between December the 1st, 2016 and May the 30th, 2018 and were diagnosed previously for more than 6 months. The patients were participated in this study after they have provided a written consent. Demographic and biochemical data were collected. Results: The mean ferritin concentration was between 19.14 µg /mL± and 21.32 µg / mL± and the mean Serum iron level was around 105.05µg/dl. Moreover, 34.5% of diabetic patients were overweight according to WHO Standars (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) while around 31% of were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The correlation coefficient of linear regression was positive for BMI/Plasma Ferritin and negative for BMI/hemoglobin, and BMI/Serum iron. Furthermore, the CRP concentration was less than 6mg/l for 90% of obese and overweight patients. As conclusion, we can confirm that patients having an iron deficiency are not overweight or obese. Furthermore, overweight and obesity could be a risk factor of iron deficiency in diabetic patients.
Introduction: The current study aimed to explore the in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and dermatoprotective properties of lemon peel essential oil (EO). Methods: The chemical composition of lemon EOs extracted from the lemon of three cities in Morocco was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The antioxidant property was estimated by two complementary tests: Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by the inhibition of albumin denaturation and proteinase. Inhibitory properties of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were used to reveal the antidiabetic activity of lemon peel EOs. Dermatoprotective property was evaluated by the tyrosinase inhibition method. Results: In addition to high amounts of polyphenols and flavonoids, GC-MS analysis of lemon peel EOs demonstrated the presence of D-limonene, β–pinene, and γ-terpinene as the main compounds in the three samples studied. Lemon peel EOs exhibited significant antioxidant activities by IC50 values ranging from 40.57 µg/mL to 100.22 µg/mL and 113.63 µg/mL to 180.90 µg/mL obtained by DPPH and FRAP tests, respectively. in vitro inhibition of enzymes involved in inflammatory response revealed that lemon peel EOs presented remarkable inhibitory activities against albumin denaturation (230.48 µg/mL>IC50<341.13 µg/mL) and proteinase (199.70 µg/mL>IC50<307.05 µg/mL). Moreover, lemon peel EOs demonstrated powerful inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with various IC50 values (1689.06 µg/ mL>IC50>4000 µg/mL and 1021.58 µg/mL>C50<2467.62 µg/mL), respectively. These EOs also revealed significant inhibition of tyrosinase with IC50 values ranging from 248.42 μg/ mL to 378.02 μg/mL. Conclusion: These results revealed that lemon peel EOs might constitute a new product with beneficial biological abilities against the mentioned complications.
Several recent studies designate that individuals with type-1-diabetes (T1D) are at higher risk for cognitive impairment than their peers without T1D. The aim of this study was to determine whether socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, eating attitude and psycho-emotional characteristics can predict visual perception (VP) and working memory (WM) impairment in the Moroccan population with T1D. A cross-sectional analysis was carried out in adult T1D patients (N=140). The Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test (electronical version) was used to evaluate the VP and WM. Moreover, patients also completed the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale to assess their mental health state. In order to evaluate the risk of eating disorders the Eating attitudes Test-26 were used. Finally, anthropometric properties and clinical characteristics were evaluated. Predictors of cognitive dysfunction were determined using the hierarchical regression analysis. The major result was that age, long diabetes duration, glycemia, HbA1c, dieting and bulimia were the potential predictors of low scores in VP and WM. Other significant predictors were cholesterol, triglycerides for visual perception. Although psych-emotional symptoms including stress, anxiety, and depression were not a significant predictors of VP and WM impairment. Furthermore, our findings showed that the more the level of stress increases, the VP and WM scores significantly decrease. This study suggests that it can be helpful for medical practitioners to screen for disordered eating behaviors and emotional symptoms as a supplemental risk factor for cognitive impairment in T1D.
Introduction: The present work aims to assess if insulin combined with phenolic fraction concentrates (PFCs) prevents diabetes-related cognitive impairments by controlling neuroinflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Methods: Directly after confirming the hyperglycemia, diabetic animals were treated with insulin combined with PFC and were exposed to 2 stressors/day for 12 weeks. Then, four cognitive tests were carried out to assess learning and memory performances. Finally, the rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected for corticosterone and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) analysis, and the brain regions viz. striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal-cortex of each hemisphere were dissected out for TNF-α analysis. Results: Both diabetes and stress could induce learning and memory impairments, which were more prominent in stressed diabetic animals, and significantly reversed by insulin treatment supplemented with PFC compared to the insulin monotherapy. Moreover, diabetic rats exposed to CMS displayed disturbances in glucose homeostasis as well as corticosterone secretion. These dysfunctions were linked to the significant increase of TNF-α in the blood as well as in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. Insulin significantly ameliorated this inflammatory abnormality, while the supplemented treatment showed a significant effect, by stabilizing TNF-α to its normal levels in the hippocampus and in the blood when compared to insulin monotherapy. Conclusion: Insulin supplemented with PFC has a favorable effect over insulin alone on inflammatory aberrations linked with type 1 diabetes and stress in animals, confirming the preference of the combined treatment over insulin for the management of cognitive impairment in stressed diabetic subjects.
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